Thursday, December 05, 2013

Obama Mourns Death Of Icon Nelson Mandela

President Barack Obama turns from the podium after speaking in the briefing room of the White House in Washington, Thursday, Dec. 5, 2013, about the death of Nelson Mandela. Obama says the world has lost an influential, courageous and 'profoundly good' man with the death of anti-apartheid icon Mandela.

WASHINGTON (AP) — Counting himself among the millions influenced by Nelson Mandela, President Barack Obama on Thursday mourned the death of the anti-apartheid icon with whom he shares the distinction of being his nation's first black president.
"He no longer belongs to us. He belongs to the ages," Obama said in a somber appearance at the White House. "I am one of the countless millions who drew inspiration from Nelson Mandela's life," he continued. "And like so many around the globe, I cannot fully imagine my own life without the example that Nelson Mandela set."
Mandela died earlier Thursday at 95. He had spent much of the year in and out of the hospital, and his illness prevented a meeting with Obama when the U.S. president visited South Africa this summer. Still, the former South African president's legacy influenced nearly every aspect of Obama's trip. Obama, along with wife Michelle and daughters Malia and Sasha, made an emotional visit to Robben Island, standing quietly together in the tiny cell where Mandela spent 18 of his 27 years in prison. Obama also met privately with members of Mandela's family.
The president is likely to travel to South Africa for Mandela's funeral, though a trip has not yet been announced. Other former U.S. presidents and dignitaries are also likely to attend. Obama ordered that the U.S. flag be flown at half-staff at the White House, federal buildings, military bases and embassies until sunset Monday.
Obama's political rise has drawn inevitable comparisons to the South African leader. Both are Nobel Peace Prize winners and the first black men elected to lead their countries. However, the two men met in person only once, a hastily arranged meeting in a Washington hotel room in 2005 when Obama was a U.S. senator. A photo of the meeting hangs in Obama's personal office at the White House, showing a smiling Mandela sitting on a chair, his legs outstretched, as the young senator reaches down to shake his hand. A copy of the photo also hung in Mandela's office in Johannesburg.
The two presidents did speak occasionally on the phone, including after the 2008 election, when Mandela called Obama to congratulate him on his victory. The U.S. president called Mandela in 2010 after the South African leader's young granddaughter was killed in a car accident. Obama also wrote the introduction to Mandela's memoir, "Conversations With Myself."
Mandela had already shaped Obama's political beliefs well before their first encounter. As a student at Occidental College in Los Angeles, Obama joined protests against the school's investments during South Africa's apartheid era. In 1981, Obama focused his first public political speech on the topic.
"It's happening an ocean away," Obama said, according to a retelling of the story in his memoir "Dreams From My Father." ''But it's a struggle that touches each and every one of us. Whether we know it or not. Whether we want it or not."
Follow Julie Pace at http://twitter.com/jpaceDC

Nelson Mandela (1918 - 2013)

African National Congress leader Nelson Mandela raises his fist as he speaks to a crowded stadium in Soweto after his release from prison. Date: February 11, 1990. Image: Peter Turnley



A Xhosa born to the Thembu royal family, Nelson Mandela attended the Fort Hare University and the University of Witwatersrand, where he studied law. Living in Johannesburg, he became involved in anti-colonial politics, joining the ANC and becoming a founding member of its Youth League. After the Afrikaner nationalists of the National Party came to power in 1948 and began implementing the policy of apartheid, he rose to prominence in the ANC's 1952 Defiance Campaign, was elected President of the Transvaal ANC Branch and oversaw the 1955 Congress of the People. Working as a lawyer, he was repeatedly arrested for seditious activities and, with the ANC leadership, was prosecuted in the Treason Trial from 1956 to 1961 but was found not guilty. Although initially committed to non-violent protest, in association with the South African Communist Party he co-founded the militant Umkhonto we Sizwe (MK) in 1961, leading a bombing campaign against government targets. In 1962 he was arrested, convicted of sabotage and conspiracy to overthrow the government, and sentenced to life imprisonment in the Rivonia Trial.

Mandela served 27 years in prison, first on Robben Island, and later in Pollsmoor Prison and Victor Verster Prison. An international campaign lobbied for his release, which was granted in 1990 amid escalating civil strife. Becoming ANC President, Mandela publishedhis autobiography and led negotiations with President F.W. de Klerk to abolish apartheid and establish multiracial elections in 1994, in which he led the ANC to victory. He was elected President and formed a Government of National Unity in an attempt to defuse ethnic tensions. As President, he promulgated a new constitution and initiated the Truth and Reconciliation Commission to investigate pasthuman rights abuses. Continuing the former government's liberal economic policy, his administration introduced measures to encourage land reform, combat poverty, and expand healthcare services. Internationally, he acted as mediator between Libya and the United Kingdom in the Pan Am Flight 103 bombing trial, and oversaw military intervention in Lesotho. He declined to run for a second term, and was succeeded by his deputy, Thabo Mbeki. Mandela subsequently became an elder statesman, focusing on charitable work in combating poverty and HIV/AIDS through the Nelson Mandela Foundation.

Mandela was born July 18, 1918 and died December 5, 2013. He was 95


SOURCE: WIKI

Wednesday, December 04, 2013

Senior Hezbollah Commander Killed In Beirut

Hezbollah fighters carry the coffin of Hassan al-Laqis, a senior commander for the Lebanese militant group Hezbollah, who was gunned down outside his home, during his funeral procession at his hometown in Baalbek city, east Lebanon, Wednesday, Dec. 4, 2013. The assassination was a major breach of the Shiite militant group's security as it struggles to maintain multiple fronts while it fights alongside President Bashar Assad's forces in Syria.

BAALBEK, LEBANON (ASSOCIATED PRESS) — The attackers waited in an olive grove around midnight. As the Hezbollah commander pulled into the garage of his nearby apartment building, they went in after him. Five bullets were pumped into his head and neck from a silencer-equipped pistol — an assassination that reverberated across the Middle East.

The killing early Wednesday of Hassan al-Laqis, described as a member of the inner circle of Hezbollah leader Sheik Hassan Nasrallah, was the latest in a series of recent attacks against the Iranian-backed group.

Hezbollah blamed Israel, which denied involvement. However, the Shiite militant group's open support of Syrian President Bashar Assad has enraged Sunnis and left it with no shortage of enemies eager to strike at its strongholds and leadership. Dozens of people have been killed in deadly car bombings claimed by radical Sunni groups.

The group's participation in the civil war in Syria is highly divisive and unpopular in Lebanon, where many feel it has deviated from its raison d'etre of fighting Israel and exposed the Shiite community to retaliation.

Most recently, two suicide bombers blew themselves up outside the Iranian Embassy in Beirut, killing 23. An al-Qaida-affiliated group claimed responsibility, saying it was payback for Hezbollah's support of Assad.

Al-Laqis' killing came shortly after Nasrallah accused Saudi Arabia of being behind the embassy bombings in a sharp escalation in rhetoric against the Sunni regional powerhouse. In a three-hour interview with a local TV station, he indirectly suggested an alliance between Israel and Saudi Arabia was trying to destabilize his group.

The Saudi monarchy is engaged in a proxy war with Iran over influence in the region, and in that, Riyadh has increasingly found common ground with the Jewish state. "The assassination is another notch in tensions between Hezbollah and Saudi Arabia," said Kamel Wazne, founder of the Center for American Strategic Studies in Beirut.

"There will be repercussions. It's going to be more like an open battle," he said. Two previously unknown Sunni groups claimed responsibility on Twitter for al-Laqis' assassination, but the claims could not be verified.

Al-Laqis, 53, was killed as he returned home from work, Hezbollah said. "The brother martyr Hassan al-Laqis spent his youth and dedicated all his life in this honorable resistance since its inception up until the last moments of his life," a statement from the group said.

An official close to the highly secretive group said al-Laqis held some of Hezbollah's most sensitive portfolios and was very close to Nasrallah and his inner circle, often acting as a link with officials in Tehran.

"He was one of the brains behind much of the group's operations," the official said. Hezbollah distributed a photo of al-Laqis and said Israel had tried to kill him several times. The image showed a man wearing beige-and-khaki military clothes, with neatly cut black hair and a graying close-cropped beard.

There were conflicting reports on whether he was involved in the Syria war, where the group's fighters have helped Assad's troops gain the upper hand in key areas near the border with Lebanon. Marie Harf, deputy spokeswoman for the U.S. State Department, said the U.S. has seen reports of the killing and was looking to all parties "to cooperate with a full investigation."

"We've been very concerned by recurring instances of sectarian and political violence in Lebanon, and we have talked about the negative impact that Syria has had in Lebanon and Iraq," she said. Al-Laqis was shot with a pistol equipped with a silencer at close range after he parked in his apartment building in the Hadath neighborhood southwest of Beirut, according to a Lebanese security official and the official close to Hezbollah. Several assailants appear to have been involved, they said.
Muddy footprints led from the olive grove to the parking garage. Yellow police tape blocked off the area, and Hezbollah investigators were at the scene. He was struck by five bullets in the head and neck, the Lebanese official said. The gunmen fled, and al-Laqis was taken to a nearby hospital but died of his wounds, the officials said, speaking on condition of anonymity because they were not authorized to talk to the media.

"I was trying to sleep, and I heard ... a bullet being fired and a dog barking," said Abdullah, a resident who asked to be identified only by his first name for security reasons. "I did not bother myself, but later I heard people screaming. ... Then our neighbors told us that one of the neighbors was assassinated," Abdullah said.

Another resident, who spoke on condition of anonymity for fear of his safety, said none of the neighbors were aware that al-Laqis was a security man and that he went about his business like everyone else.

Al-Laqis did not have bodyguards with him, suggesting he did not want to draw attention to himself. The assassination marked a rare breach of the Shiite militant group's security — the fourth successful penetration of a Hezbollah enclave in recent months.

It also underscored how the militia has found itself engaged on multiple fronts: Shoring up Assad's rule in Syria while also keeping up the fight against Israel. Some of Hezbollah's most loyal supporters in the Shiite community have been reluctant to embrace its fight in Syria.

That involvement has raised tensions in Lebanon's Sunni and Shiite communities as each side lines up in support of their brethren in the Syrian civil war. That has fueled predictions that Lebanon, still recovering from its 15-year civil war that ended in 1990, is on the brink of descending into full-blown sectarian violence.

In Tripoli, Lebanon's second-largest city, there have been bloody street battles between rival sides nearly every day, with at least 12 people killed last week. Al-Laqis was buried later Wednesday in his hometown of Baalbek in eastern Lebanon. A few thousand people took part in pouring rain, and women wept as Hezbollah pallbearers carried the coffin, wrapped in the group's yellow flag, through the streets. Hezbollah fighters fired in the air in mourning.

"The Israeli enemy is naturally directly to blame," the Hezbollah statement said. "This enemy must shoulder complete responsibility and repercussions for this heinous crime and its repeated targeting of leaders and cadres of the resistance."

Israeli officials categorically denied involvement. Still, Israel could view the fallout from Hezbollah's armed intervention in Syria — and the long list of enemies it has created — as cover to move against one of the group's senior figures and settle old scores with Hezbollah and Iran.

Hezbollah has fought several wars against Israel. Al-Laqis' son, Ali, died fighting Israel in the monthlong 2006 war. Israel's Mossad intelligence service has been suspected of assassinating Hezbollah commanders for more than two decades.

In 1992, Israeli helicopter gunships ambushed the motorcade of Hezbollah leader Sheik Abbas Musawi, killing him, his wife and 5-year-old son, and four bodyguards. Eight years earlier, Hezbollah leader Sheik Ragheb Harb was shot and killed in south Lebanon.

One of the biggest blows for the group came in 2008 when top military commander Imad Mughniyeh was killed by a bomb that ripped through his car in Damascus. Hezbollah and its primary patron, Iran, blamed Israel's Mossad for the killing.

Associated Press writer Tia Goldenberg in Jerusalem and Diaa Hadid in Beirut contributed to this report.

Nigeria Frees 16 Girls In 'Baby Factory' Raid

Lagos - Nigerian police said on Wednesday that they raided a home and freed 16 pregnant girls and young women allegedly being forced to have babies to be sold.

"We carried out a raid on a residence in Owerri following an intelligence report and rescued 16 expectant mothers," Imo State police spokesperson Joy Elomoko told AFP.

"The girls were between 14 and 19 years old and in different stages of pregnancy."

The male owner of the home, who was arrested, had registered it as a non-governmental organisation promoting women's and children's issues, Elomoko added.

An unlicensed automatic pump action shotgun was also recovered during the raid.

Elomoko said the rescued women and girls told officers that they were each offered 100 000 naira ($632) to sell their babies after delivery.

An investigation was also underway over a case of a missing baby from the illegal home.

Sold into prostitution

"We found out that the suspect could not explain the whereabouts of a baby that was recently delivered in the home," the spokesperson said.

"We are suspecting that the baby might have been sold for [black magic] rituals," she said, adding that the suspect would be taken to court after police investigation.

Nigerian security agents have uncovered a series of alleged baby factories in recent years, notably in the south-eastern part of the country.

Last month, six pregnant teenage girls were freed in a raid on an illegal clinic in the oil city of Port Harcourt.

Human trafficking is widespread in west Africa, where children are bought from their families to work in plantations, mines and factories or as domestic help.

Others are sold into prostitution, and less commonly they are tortured or sacrificed in black magic rituals.

-----------AFP

Tuesday, December 03, 2013

Immigrant Activists End DC Fast, Pass Baton

President Barack Obama and first lady Michelle Obama visit with individuals who are taking part in Fast for Families on the National Mall in Washington. About half a dozen Oregon immigrant rights activists will start a 24-hour fast on Tuesday, Dec. 3, 2013, to protest inaction in Congress on immigration reform and pressure a local Congressman to support immigration legislation. The fast is one of several happening in states throughout the nation in solidarity with the Washington DC fasters who have drunk only water since Nov. 12 in support of reform.

MIAMI, FLORIDA (ASSOCIATED PRESS) — Three immigrant advocates on a hunger strike to pressure lawmakers to change the country's immigration system ended their three-week fast Tuesday on the National Mall, while a new group of fasters including U.S. Rep. Joseph Kennedy III took their place.

About half a dozen Congress members, including House Minority Leader Nancy Pelosi, were there as the fasters left the tent Tuesday. Minnesota Democratic U.S. Reps. Keith Ellison and Betty McCollum began one-day solidarity fasts with the activists.

Immigration advocates in a handful of cities around the country also announced their own fasts in solidarity with those in D.C. Nearly a dozen activists in central and South Florida embarked on one-day fasts, as did groups in California and Oregon.

On Tuesday, Maria Rodriguez, head of the Florida Immigrant Coalition in Miami, posted a picture of herself on Twitter with a sign reading "I fast for Immigration Reform In Solidarity with D.C. fasters" and urged others to do the same.

In Bakersfield, Calif., activists kicked off "11 days for 11 million" — a fast referencing the estimated number of people living in the country illegally. In Vista, Calif., immigrant advocates and religious leaders planned a 24-hour fast outside Republican U.S. Rep. Darrell Issa's office. Staff at the nonprofit Coalition for Human Immigrant Rights of Los Angeles also joined a 24 hours liquid fast.

Activists in Bend, Ore., joined the one-day fast, calling on Republican U.S. Rep Greg Walden to come out in support of a comprehensive immigration bill. Organizers of the National Mall protest did not immediately say why Dae Joong Yoon of the National Korean American Services Consortium, Cristian Avila of Mi Familia Vota and Eliseo Medina of the SEIU ended their fast Tuesday. Doctors were on hand to examine them. The three had camped out since Nov. 12 in chilly temperatures, receiving a range of visitors, including President Barack Obama. He stopped by the tent Friday, reiterating optimism that immigration changes will come.

House Speaker John Boehner refuses to schedule a vote on a comprehensive bill the Senate passed in June but has said the House would consider piecemeal legislation. It's unclear if and when the House will take up the smaller bills.

Also on Tuesday, the nonprofit Bend the Arc: A Jewish Partnership for Justice and the Muslim Public Affairs Council organized solidarity fasts with the immigrant advocates. Other new fasters included Rabbi David Saperstein, whom Newsweek called in 2009 the most influential Rabbi in America, as well as Stephan Bauman, the head of World Relief. Also fasting, Chicago native Phillip Agnew, a 2008 graduate and university board trustee of Florida A&M University, a historically black school and Rev. Gabriel Salguero, head of the National Latino Evangelical Coalition.

Follow Laura Wides-Munoz on twittet: https://twitter.com/lwmunoz

Associated Press writers Amy Taxin in Tustin, Calif., Edwin Tamara in Los Angeles and Gosia Wozniacka in Portland, Ore., contributed to this report.

Asian Nations Dominate International Test

Graphic shows scores for PISA test for U.S. and other nations; 3c x 4 inches; 146 mm x 101 mm;

WASHINGTON, D.C. (ASSOCIATED PRESS) — American students once again lag behind many of their Asian and European peers on a global exam, a continuing trend that often is blamed on child poverty and a diverse population in U.S. schools.

Education Secretary Arne Duncan called the results a "picture of educational stagnation" as U.S. students showed little improvement over three years, failing to score in the top 20 on math, reading or science.

Students in Shanghai, China's largest city, had the top scores in all subjects, and Singapore, South Korea, Japan and Hong Kong students weren't far behind. Even Vietnam, which had its students participate for the first time, had a higher average score in math and science than the United States.

These results again raise the question of whether the United States is consistently outperformed because of the widely varied backgrounds of its students. Some are from low-income households, for example. Others don't have English as their primary language.

But some countries that outperform the United States also experience such challenges. "Americans have got a thousand reasons that one country after another is surpassing our achievement, and I have yet to find a good excuse," said Mark Tucker, president of the National Center on Education and the Economy.
About half a million students in 65 nations and educational systems took part in the 2012 Program for International Student Assessment, or PISA, which is coordinated by the Paris-based Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development, or OECD.

Most results come from a sampling of scores from countries as a whole, but in China it was given in select regions. The Education Department's National Center for Education Statistics released the results. The test, given every three years to 15-year-olds, is designed to assess students' problem-solving skills.

U.S. scores on the PISA haven't changed much since testing started in 2000, even as students in countries like Ireland and Poland have shown improvement and surpassed U.S. students. Irish Education Minister Ruairi Quinn said the results reflected improvements among Ireland's lower-achieving students, even as the country's top students underperformed compared to those in other countries.

In Britain, scores were about the same as three years ago, prompting debate about why the country has not improved despite increased spending on education. The nation did better than the United States in math and science but was not among the top performers in any subject.

"Since the 1990s, our performance in these league tables has been at best stagnant, at worst declining," said Britain's Education Secretary Michael Gove, adding that the results "underline the urgent need for our reforms."

Gove's ruling Conservative Party and the opposition Labour Party both blamed each other's policies for the results. Meanwhile a business organization said Britain has fallen behind in part because of "historic complacency" and a lack of focus on achievements and results compared to Asian countries.

"Countries with an unrelenting focus on the quality and rigor of their education system will be the ones who win," said Mike Harris at the Institute of Directors. Duncan, too, called for an increased focus on education.
"We must invest in early education, raise academic standards, make college affordable and do more to recruit and retain top-notch educators," he said. Tom Loveless, a senior fellow at the Brookings Institution, cautions about reading too much into the results from Shanghai, which also dominated the test in 2009. The students tested are children of the elite. They are the ones allowed to attend municipal schools because of restrictions such as those that keep many migrant children out, he said.

"The Shanghai scores frankly to me are difficult to interpret," Loveless said. "They are almost meaningless." But Jack Buckley, commissioner of the National Center for Education Statistics, said U.S. officials have not seen any evidence of a "biased sample" of students tested in Shanghai. If the entire nation was included, he said it's unclear what the results would show.

Tucker said Shanghai has worked hard to bring migrant children into its schools and has put an emphasis on improving teacher quality — a factor helping to drive its test scores. In the education community, Finland has drawn notice for its past test performance, but this year its average PISA score dropped in all three subjects, most pronounced in math. Finland's students did better on average than those from the United States.

Overall, National Education Association President Dennis Van Roekel said among the Asian nations dominating the test, "The one thing they all have in common is that they make a real commitment to education for all kids, and nothing deters them from that vision, and then they do what's necessary to make that happen. In the United States, we don't have the commitment for all kids and it needs to change."

One indicator of performance is how many students hit a high benchmark on each subject tested. In the United States, 9 percent of test-takers hit that mark in math, 7 percent did so in science and 8 percent did in reading. Fewer U.S. test-takers hit that mark in math than the international average. However, they performed at about the international average in the other two subjects.

The test is based on a 1,000-point scale. Among the findings: — In math, the U.S. average score was 481. Average scores ranged from 368 in Peru to 613 in Shanghai. The international average was 494. — In science, the U.S. average score was 497. Average scores ranged from 373 in Peru to 580 in Shanghai. The international average was 501.

— In reading, the U.S. average score was 498. Average scores ranged from 384 in Peru to 570 in Shanghai. The international average was 496. Students from all states were tested. But for the first time, three states, Massachusetts, Connecticut and Florida, opted to increase participation in PISA to get more state specific results.

Average scores from Massachusetts were above the international average in all three subject areas. Connecticut's scored on average around the international average in math and higher than the international average in science and reading. Florida students on average scored below the international average in math and science and around the international average in reading.

Associated Press writers Greg Katz and Sylvia Hui in London contributed to this report.
Online:

http://nces.ed.gov/surveys/pisa/

Kenya Journalists Protest Media Bill

Journalists holding banners march in the streets of Nairobi, Tuesday, Dec. 3, 2013 to protest on the new Media bill. A media protest was called on by various media houses to protest new draconian laws that are being tabled by parliament.

NAIROBI, KENYA (ASSOCIATED PRESS) — About 300 journalists and civil rights activists marched to parliament and the president's office Tuesday in Kenya's capital to protest what they say is an attempt by lawmakers to stifle criticism by pressuring journalists with monetary fines.

Many of the protesters sang songs while carrying placards. Others wore tape across their mouths to symbolize the gagging of the media. David Ohito, the vice chairman of the Kenya Editors Guild, said journalists want changes to the Kenya Information and Communication Amendment bill.

The bill creates a government tribunal that can fine journalists up to $5,500 and media companies around $230,000 if the tribunal finds them guilty of breaching a code of conduct that stipulates the need for accuracy, fairness, independence and integrity, Ohito said. Most journalists earn about $200 a month.

He said parliament created the bill to target journalist in anger over media exposure after legislators awarded themselves hefty raises soon after being sworn in this year. Kenya's many newspapers and television stations have also focused on legislators' resistance to efforts by the Salaries and Remuneration Commission to regulate their pay, including attempts by parliament to impeach commissioners. The commission was created by Kenya's 2010 constitution to determine government salaries. Before that, legislators determined their own salaries.

Kenyan legislators are among the highest paid in the world, earning more than $15,000 a month in salary and allowances, while the average Kenyan earns $1,500 a year. Many Kenyans consider their legislators overpaid and greedy.

Photojournalist and civil rights activist Boniface Mwangi said he opposes the bill because it allows for anonymous complaints. Mwangi said President Uhuru Kenyatta's government wants to muzzle the press to avoid accountability.

Kenyatta last month declined to sign the Kenya Information and Communication Amendment Bill into law. Instead he made a few changes and sent it back to parliament. Kenyatta's changes were not substantial, said Tom Rhodes of the Committee to Protect Journalists, though the changes reduced potential fines against journalists from nearly $11,500 to $5,500.

Rhodes said the bill was being used "as a scare tactic to silence the press," which recently has published investigative stories showing the government in a bad light. William Oloo Janak, the chairman of the Kenya Correspondents Association, said that if the bill becomes law it will shrink Kenya's democratic space. "They are targeting the media more because the media is the one giving space to all the other critical voices," he said.

Survey: Corruption Grows In Mideast Hot Spots

Edda Mueller, head of the German section of Transparency International, attends a news conference where she presented the Global Corruption Report 2013 in Berlin, Germany, Tuesday, Dec. 3, 2013. Transparency International's annual Corruption Perceptions Index ranks more than four-fifths of countries in the Middle East below 50 on a scale where zero is a country perceived to be highly corrupt and 100 perceived to be very clean. Countries in the region scored an average 37, below the global average of 43. The letters in the back are the beginning of the word Bundespressekonferenz (Federal Press Conference).

BERLIN, GERMANY (ASSOCIATED PRESS) — Corruption is bad and getting worse in three Middle Eastern countries that experienced Arab Spring uprisings launched in part to combat graft and other abuses, according to a survey released Tuesday by an international watchdog group.

Transparency International cited on-going political instability in Yemen, Syria and Libya for the rise in corruption. On a scale where zero is a country perceived to be highly corrupt and 100 perceived to be very clean, Yemen's rating fell five points to 18, Syria dropped nine points to 17, and Libya was down six points to 15. Iraq, still reeling from the effects of the 2003 U.S.-led invasion, also dropped from 18 to 16.

he group's annual Corruption Perceptions Index ranks more than four-fifths of countries in the Middle East below 50. Countries in the region scored an average 37, below the global average of 43. "Imagine what it takes for a country to root out corruption — it always takes institutions with people in them who have levels of integrity and a system of independent oversight," said Christoph Wilcke, Transparency's director for Middle East and North Africa.

"In conflict situations, all of that goes out of the window right away." With the ouster of longtime Yemeni President Ali Abdullah Saleh last year, the lawlessness that followed led to an expansion of corruption in army, police and government agencies.

In Libya, bribery and embezzlement were common under slain dictator Moammar Gadhafi's 42-year rule. But the collapse of his government in an uprising supported by a Western bombing campaign has done little to root out corruption.

Last year, for example, Prime Minister Ali Zidan revealed that a monthly stipend of 3,000 dinars ($2,300) a month for rebels who fought Gadhafi's regime was paid out to 250,000 duplicated names — meaning Libya may have paid out hundreds of millions of dollars extra until the program was halted.

And in Syria with the ongoing civil war, smuggling, bribe paying and other issues have increased with the breakdown of state order. Egypt's score remained unchanged at 32, but Wilcke noted that the report was based primarily on surveys from the first half of the year before the turmoil that ensued after the military removed President Mohammed Morsi in July.

The index measures the perception of corruption in the public sector. Wilcke said that there is a general feeling of corruption across the board in the Middle East, including police, judiciary, and government procurement offices.

"Almost all sectors entrusted with public government functions are seen as corrupt," he said. The survey of 177 countries is based on local and international experts' opinions of public sector corruption.

Denmark and New Zealand tied for first place with scores of 91, followed by Finland, Sweden and Norway. Australia and Canada tied in ninth with scores of 81. Britain was 14th with 76 and the United States tied with Uruguay in 19th place with a score of 73.

Afghanistan, North Korea and Somalia tied for last place with scores of eight. The survey, first conducted in 1995, draws on a variety of sources that capture perceptions of corruption, including World Bank and World Economic Forum assessments, the African Development Bank's governance ratings, and Transparency International's own Bribe Payers Survey.

Greece, one of the countries hit hardest by the European financial crisis, ranked in 80th place with a score of 40 , though that was still an improvement of four points over last year's result. By contrast Spain, whose economy is also suffering, dropped six points to 59 points and placed 40th on the list.

Transparency's Western Europe coordinator, Valentina Rigamonti, said that while Spain has seen several scandals and has approved little new anti-corruption legislation, Greece has announced an anti-corruption drive, convicted a former minister on embezzlement charges and has taken other action.

"These are really little steps in the fight against corruption but they are signs the government is trying to do something," Rigamonti said. "The government showed they can do something but now, and in the long term, we need to see some more changes — especially in implementation."

Most significant in Europe, however, is that the perception in most countries changed very little, she said. "It's stagnation and governments need to act more," Rigamonti said. "Corruption is still a big problem in Europe."
Maggie Michael contributed to this report from Cairo.

NIGERIA: Chevron Increases Global Fund Donations



Chevron Corporation has announced that it is going to commit US$ 5 million in addition to the usual donation over the next two years to The Global Fund to Fight AIDS, Tuberculosis and Malaria. The fund works to target the prevention of mother to child transmission of HIV (PMTCT) in Nigeria. This raises Chevron’s 8 year investment to the Global Fund to US$ 60 million. Chevron is now the largest private sector partner to the organisation.

Chevron became The Global Fund’s inaugural Corporation Champion in 2008, when it committed US$ 30 million to support AIDS, TB and malaria programs in Asia and Africa. In 2010 the company made an additional commitment of US$ 25 million to five HIV and AIDS and PMTCT in Angola, South Africa, Thailand and Vietnam.

Comments

‘We recognise the deep interdependence of healthy businesses and healthy societies,’ said Rhonda Zygocki, executive vice president, Policy and Planning for Chevron Corporation. ‘Our continued partnership with the Global Fund reflects our long term commitment to investing in health, education and economic development initiatives that help build strong communities.’

‘Chevron has shown commendable leadership in the fight against infectious diseases,’ said Dr. Mark Dybul, the executive director of The Global Fund. ‘With shared responsibility and strong partnerships with governments, civil society and private sector players like Chevron, we will defeat these deadly diseases. Chevron’s strong support helps bring us ever closer to this historic opportunity.’

FROM ENERGY GLOBAL

2014 World Cup: Draw To determine Eagles' Friendlies


Nigeria Football Federation has confirmed that the the result of Friday's World Cup Draw in Brazil will determine the friendly matches that will be lined up for Super Eagles before the World Cup proper?

NFF technical committee chairman Chris Green stated:"We are not in a hurry to announce friendly opponents for Eagles.

"I will be in Brazil this week for the World Cup draw and one of my primary duty would be to finalise on possible friendly matches with countries that have the same football culture with our group opponents after the draw."

He added: "You would agree with me that it would not be wise to schedule friendlies that would be of no consequence to preparing the Eagles for the World Cup.

“For instance, if we are paired against South America and Europeans teams it would be out of place to play African sides in friendlies. So, let's just be patient after the draw on Friday."
The FIFA friendly window will reopen in March 2014.

Forbes Magazine Names Akinwumi Adesina African Of The Year


Nigeria's Agriculture Minister, Akinwumi Adesina has been named by Forbes Magazine as African of the Year. In his acceptance speech, Akinwumi said: "My goal is to make as many millionaires, maybe even billionaires, from agriculture as possible."

Adesina, in January pledged to supply 10 million Nigerian farmers with mobile phones in order to access the markets saying he wanted people to become rich through farming.

The Gambia’s Hidden History: How A Tiny River Basin Influenced Colonial Trade And Slavery

A mural at a slave house on Janjanbureh Island, once known as Georgetown, in The Gambia. Peter van der Sluijs/Wikimedia Commons BY PAPA CHER...