Should We Ignore The Terrorists

BY JAMES JOYNER

OUTSIDE THE BELTWAY, MARCH 28, 2016

Illustration of terrorists training. Image: AP

Charli Carpenter reflects on media and social media coverage of the spate of recent attacks by the Islamic State and argues:

1). We should treat attacks that happen in the West no differently than we do those in the Middle East, Africa, and elsewhere the same;

2). We should react to both “sparingly,” because over-hyping the comparative low likelihood of being killed in such an attack not only skews the public’s perception of danger but thereby furthers the terrorists’ agenda

She makes these arguments despite herself feeling especially at risk, as the mother of a teenage son who routinely travels internationally to play soccer and is therefore more likely to be a victim than the average American.

This is not a novel argument and, indeed, one that I’ve frequently discussed with my students. Statistically, as Carpenter rightly notes, Americans are far more likely to be killed doing all manner of mundane things—or by deranged Americans with easily-acquired firearms—than they are by Islamist terrorists. And, if our sole aim is to save lives, there are far, far more efficient ways to spend our tax dollars than hunting down IS.

But this all ignores basic human psychology.

While victims in Pakistan and Ivory Coast are, of course, just as worthy of grief as those in Paris or Brussels, Americans are quite naturally going to be more shocked by the latter. While we’re much more diverse a society than we were even in my youth, we still feel much more kinship with Western Europe than South Asia or West Africa. And, while I’m somewhat bemused that we consider the Brussels attacks slightly more tragic now that we know at least two Americans were among the victims, it’s a perfectly human reaction.

Similarly, while it’s essential to keep the relative risk of terrorism in perspective, human beings quite naturally treat the risk of being hit by lightning, dying in an automobile crash, or being murdered by terrorists quite differently. One is a freak act of nature that’s largely unpredictable. One is an increasingly necessary risk that can be mitigated in a variety of ways. One is a barbaric act of human agency.

We quite naturally want to do something about terrorism. First, because it’s a variable risk. Hardening targets and going after perpetrators can both actually make people safer, even if overreaching can make us less free and less safe. Second, because our sense of justice demands that we take action against evil.

Recognizing those human realities–and the calculus that they impose on the humans we elect to make public policy—doesn’t, of course, require that we act stupidly. Carpenter is certainly right about the effects of overreaction:


That’s what DAESH wants. It makes them feel big, scary, significant. It earns them recruits. It increases fear of Muslims by Westerners, which fuels policies foreclosing escape routes from DAESH-controlled areas, thus raising DAESH’s tax revenue. And that’s what people do when they make a spectacle of DAESH’s terror events to the exclusion of all else, slap “State Department Travel Warnings” on entire regions based on super-low-risk anomalies, declare all-out war on Muslims like some would-be politicians to whose remarks I refuse to link. All this makes my son less safe by increasing the reach and power of DAESH by spreading fear of what they do.

Nor do I disagree with her ultimate conclusion:


What limits DAESH’s power and makes my child – and your children – safer? Doing what I do (and and what Juan Cole recommends): recognizing that we and most Muslims are in the anti-DAESH fight together, speaking in solidarity with DAESH victims everywhere, and generally pointing out that these attacks demonstrate DAESH’s weakness, not its strength.

Despite the horrible rhetoric coming from some on the campaign trail this cycle, that’s largely what we have done. Despite some epic mistakes in the handling of the Global War on Terror, President George W. Bush took great pains—and substantial political risk—to repeatedly emphasize that the United States was not at war with Islam and that, indeed, we were in solidarity with the vast number of Muslims. President Barack Obama has continued that theme, even while prosecuting the GWOT while eschewing the name. Judging by campaigns and polling both here and in Europe, that message is not resonating particularly well. The terrorists are indeed winning in that regard.

Bridging Gaps In Implementing The SDGs In Africa: The Environment Lens – Analyses

BY RICHARD MUNANG AND ROBERT MUGENDI

THE SOUTHERN TIMES, MARCH 27, 2016

Boys do homework at a UNHCR's camp for Syrian refugees in south Lebanon on April 14, 2015. More than 12 million children in the Middle East are not being educated, despite advances in efforts to expand schooling, the UN children's agency UNICEF said. The figure does not include children forced from school by the conflicts in Syria and Iraq, who would bring the total not receiving an education to 15 million, the agency said in a new report. AFP PHOTO / MAHMOUD ZAYYAT



September 2015 saw Africa’s Heads of States and Governments join their counterparts from across the globe to unanimously adopt the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) at the 70th UN General Assembly.

This signaled a common global intent to transition into economic, social and environmental progress in the next 15 years: a united, mutually collective front against hunger, malnutrition, poverty, unemployment, disease, climate change, low agricultural productivity, degraded ecosystems and social inequity, among the notable challenges facing Africa.

The SDGs dovetailed into the Africa Agenda 2063. Achieving the SDGs in a fast, efficient, impactful and lasting way is not predestined and will require innovative action from all fronts. This imperative is most critical on the financing front. There is consensus that financing the SDGs and Agenda 2030 will require trillions of dollars – at least $1.5 trillion extra annually over the MDGs, and public international financing alone is inadequate.

Astronomical investments needed to achieve the SDGs in Africa

For instance, Africa’s energy sector needs investment of $55 billion annually until 2030 to achieve universal access to electricity. Cumulatively, it is projected that the region will require investment of up to $490 billion by 2040 for new electricity generation capacity alone, and 31% more for an aggressive focus on renewables. On climate change, Africa needs to invest between $50-100 billion annually by 2050. On infrastructure, the region needs nearly $500 billion, translating toover $93 billion annually until 2020 for infrastructure development.

Education and healthcare is equally costly. UNESCO estimates that Sub Saharan Africa (SSA) will need to invest up to $26 billion annually to achieve universal education by 2020. In healthcare, Africa, which lags behind the rest of the world in all the indicators of health and where few African countries are able to spend the WHO recommended $35 per capita for minimum healthcare, needs to invest a minimum of USD 31.5 billion annually..

Declining official development assistance (ODA)

ODA to Africa is declining. In 2013, aid to the African continent had fallen by 5.6%. In 2012, aid to Africa had fallen by 9.9%, relative to 2011. Indications are that this downward trend may persist as traditional partner governments tighten budgets. Earlier pledges from the G8 have also not materialized, and where they come through Africa gets only a fraction of the money. For instance, a 2005 pledge by the G-8 to increase aid by $50 billion by 2010 (half of which was destined for Africa) did not materialize. Instead, aid increased by $30 billion and only USD 11 billion went to Africa.

Going forward, it will be more strategic for Africa not to rely on external development financing alone. Relying on international public finance alone to finance development is a risky strategy and Africa needs to look for alternative sources, drawing domestically. Africa, already facing financing challenges, has recognized this and acknowledged in a number of regional blueprints principally the AU Agenda 2063, the AMCEN Cairo Declaration, and the second Africa Adaptation Gap report(AAGR2). Global processes including the 3rd Financing for Development Outcome (FfD3) concur and buttress this critical perspective.

Africa’s natural capital financial worth

According to the African Development Bank, about 30% of the world’s mineral reserves are in Africa. The continent has 8% of world’s natural gas reserves, 12% of the world’s oil reserves, 40% of its gold, and 80 – 90% of its chromium and platinum. Africa’s natural capital has underpinned the continent’s economy and continues to represent a significant development opportunity for her people. In 2012, natural capital accounted for 77% of total exports and 42% of government revenues. Over 70% of the SSA population depends on forests and woodlands for livelihood. Land in Africa is an economic development asset as well as a socio-cultural resource. Going forward, achieving long term sustainable development and poverty alleviation in Africa relies on the sustainable and optimal management of its natural capital.

Africa’s natural capital losses

Even with this significant contribution, a substantial share of this natural capital is lost. The High Level Panel report on Illicit Financial Flows from Africa documents that Africa has lost amounts significantly exceeding $50 billion annually through IFFs. Cumulatively, this report observes that over the past 50 years, Africa has lost amounts estimated to exceed $1 trillion, a sum roughly equivalent to all of the official development assistance received by the continent during the same timeframe.

The 2014 Africa progress report gives further credence to these colossal figures. It notes that Africa’s natural capital is also at the heart of illicit global trade that is costing the continent in excess of $50 billion annually or a colossal 5.7% of its annual GDP. On ecosystems and food security, the fact that 180 million people are relying on depleted soil to grow their food is a key reason why sub-Saharan Africa lags behind other developing regions in meeting its food security goals. The economic loss associated with land degradation in sub-Saharan Africa is estimated at$68 billion per year.

Rwanda’s plans to light the country with solar energy plans, is just one of the initiative that supporters admire. Implementing the SDGs and Agenda 2030 in Africa

Africa should prioritize reversing natural capital losses and appropriately prioritizing what is currently earned to catalyze implementing the SDGs. For example, reversing land degradation will not only enhance food production, but could potentially inject $68 billion annually into the economy for re-investment in healthcare and education.

On current earnings, a portion of the 42% average revenue that African governments earn directly from natural capital through export of timber, fisheries, minerals etc., could through policy actions be re-invested to boost productivity of highly potent and inclusive sectors.

For example, investing in Ecosystem Based Driven-Agriculture and its linkage to commercial value chains, especially clean energy to catalyze rural agro-processing, affordable financing, and accessible markets, can enhance not only food security, but enhance farmer incomes while creating up to 17 million jobs. EBA Driven-Agriculture can potentially combat climate change, while also enhancing the health of ecosystems.

Policy imperatives

An example of a policy imperative could be ensuring a percentage of natural capital export earnings is dedicated to programmes that enhance agro-productivity through access to affordable financing of agro-value chains, targeted rural infrastructure development especially clean off-grid & mini-grid solutions to catalyze rural agro-industry, among others.

It is documented that enhancing productivity of the agro-sector in Africa could potentially catalyze achievement of all the SDGs. Leveraging natural capital in the above ways will require cross-cutting partnerships forged between government, the private sector and the non-governmental sector.

It will require governments to create an enabling policy environment, the private sector to inject sustainable commercialization and capital, researchers and academia to inform government of optimal policies, and development partners to facilitate capacity building and technology transfer.

• Dr. Richard Munang is Africa Climate Change & Development Policy Expert., while Robert Mgendi is the Adaptation Policy Expert

Rescuing Girls In Africa: An Interview With Dr. Josephine Kulea

BY NOAH GLICK

ENO PUBLIC RADIO/NPR

Delegates from more than a dozen countries attended this year's Global Gala, an event hosted by the Northern Nevada International Center Dr. Josephine Kulea was this year's keynote speaker. She is the 2013 UN Kenya Person of the Year, a 2014 Mandela Washington Fellow and the Founder of the Samburu Girls Foundation, an organization that rescues girls from abusive practices in her home country of Kenya. She sat down with Reno Public Radio’s Noah Glick to talk about her work.

Image: Noah Glick

NG: What is your organization and what kind of work are you doing?

JK: "The Samburu Girls Foundation is basically a child rights organization where we protect the rights of girls from harmful cultural practices. And these are child marriages; we have female genital mutilation. So we rescue all these girls and we take them to schools."

What's the process like once you find out about these girls who need help?

"We get reports from the mothers mostly. It's a whole process to get these girls, because we have to find out where they are located and get together a vehicle to reach them out. We have to go before the day of the wedding, because what happens is the girls are cut, the female genital mutilation is done on the day of their wedding. So when you rescue them from the marriage, you rescue them from both the marriage and from the cut.

"It's even risky for us to go on the day of the wedding, so we always prefer to go before, so we avoid the back and forth with families. They are usually angry and they have all these illegal guns and sometimes they try to shoot at us."

Do you experience a lot of violent situations?

"It starts with a community not understanding that this is illegal, and because it's our culture, they don't feel like it's illegal. So yeah, I get cursed; they do the traditional cursing at me. Of course, they've threatened me. So it's tough, but we have to do it for the sake of these children. I really try to disguise myself, because most of them know my name but they don't know my face."

What about the Kenyan government? Have they been supportive?

"I think the government did a good job of passing the laws, but that's not enough. But what is lacking is the implementation of the same laws. So you find there's a big gap and I've been to a police station to report a case of a child and they say, 'Oh Madame that is your culture! What is unique about this kid?' So it takes a lot of patience to push them."

You mentioned sending these girls to schools. How do you get funding to do these sorts of things?

"When I began this work, I was rescuing these girls and paying them with my own salaries. And then it became expensive, so now we have well-wishers who sometimes will sponsor a girl individually. Very few [girls] actually have sponsors, and we'd really like to have more people sponsor a girl to go to school."

You actually have a UNR connection. You were here in 2013 for the International Visitor Leadership Program. What was your experience like and what were you able to take with you?

"It was amazing, because first of all it was bringing all these leaders from across the globe together, and just coming to America and learning your culture. Also the culture of volunteering is really amazing, because you find so many people volunteering for so many programs here. And I think that's one of the things I learned and went back with it and used it in my project. And it's working. We're now actually opening up for international volunteers. It's really becoming a global village, and that is the meaning of global living: just interact, share and spread the good things, so that it will help us all live together in peace."

When Will ‘Servants Of God’ Stop Preying On Women And Children?

BY BISI ADELEYE-FAYEMI

THE NEWS, MARCH 24, 2016

BISI ADELEYE-FAYEMI

On Friday, February 26th, the Supreme Court of Nigeria gave a ruling in the case of the ‘Reverend’ Kingsley Ezeugo, Founder and General Overseer of the Christian Praying Assembly. The Supreme Court upheld the rulings of the lower courts and found the ‘Man of God’ guilty of the murder of Ms Ann Uzoh. He is to die by hanging.

On 2nd August 2006, Mr Kingsley Ezeugo poured petrol over Ms Uzoh, a live-in adherent of his church, and she died a horrible death. It is gratifying to note that after ten long years, justice has finally been done, and the family of Ann Uzoh can now have some closure, even though it will not bring back all they have lost. My concern is that there are far too many ‘Reverend’ Kings out there, with many Annes in their clutches. What are we all prepared to do to save these Annes from a similar fate? The issues I am about to raise here apply to all the major religious faiths. However, since the King case happened in his own version of a Christian church, I am restricting my discussion to the practice of Christianity by certain religious leaders today.

Five Lessons From The ‘Reverend’ Kingsley Ezeugo Saga:


1.Our religious leaders should prioritise the need to address violence perpetrated against people in their congregation. The majority of cases we get to hear about concern women and children, though we have also heard cases of men used as slaves in the business empires of their leaders and sometimes estranged from their families who get taken over by leaders of the church. ‘Pastor defiles 13 year Old’, ‘How my Pastor raped me’, ‘ How my Pastor had sex with me to drive evil spirits from me’, ‘“It is the work of the devil”, says Pastor who raped 5 year old’, the headlines now seem to be endless. It is not enough for our religious leaders to say ‘This can never happen in my church’.

When they adopt that kind of attitude, what happens is that when such a case is indeed reported in their church, they do all they can to cover it up. When confronted with a case of sexual abuse in his church, a famous church proprietor allegedly said,’ What happened to you happened in the house of God, which means God is aware. If it had happened out in the world, it would be very bad, but because it happened in the house of God, it is ok’. Perhaps this particular church leader reads some versions of the Holy Bible not available to the rest of us. 2 Samuel 22:3 reads ‘My God, my rock in whom I take refuge, my shield and the horn of my salvation, my stronghold and my refuge, my saviour. You save me from violence, and I am saved from my enemies’.

People go to church to seek refuge in God’s grace and love. They ask for God’s protection from the travails of life, and to be strengthened in the spirit to be able to face all their challenges. When the men and women who God has entrusted with the responsibility of caring for his flock become the abusers, then we have a serious crisis. It would be helpful if religious bodies could develop self-regulation policies to address questions such as ‘How do people become Pastors’? ‘What modalities are in place to deal with complaints from the congregation’? ‘What happens when the leader is the alleged perpetrator?’ ‘We have many progressive, dynamic male and female Christian leaders. They need to break the culture of silence around these issues and speak up more.

2. Religious leaders should stop preying on vulnerable women and children

A lot has been written about how many of our ‘big’ churches have become serious business conglomerates. One of the key strategies here is a simple ‘bums on seats’ one. The more the flock, the greater the profits. However, competition for flock is fierce. Like business enterprises who thrive ‘in the world’, branding, innovation, entertainment and ‘shock and awe’ feature regularly. So we set the scene for a grand revival/deliverance event, an average ‘Angela’ starts to convulse in front of the Man of God, and as if on cue, gasps out certain details of what she has done and who she has done it to. She is a witch! The confession takes place, she is ‘delivered’ of her demons and the audience is convinced not only of evidence of her witchcraft, but that they have made the right decision to worship there.

Everyone is reminded of all the witches in their family, village and workplace who are holding back their progress. Maybe if they pray hard enough, those witches too will pitch up here and confess. More prayers are needed. Followed by more donations. This exploitation of vulnerable, gullible women plays out around the world. In Kenya, a deranged ‘Pastor’ sucks the breasts of his female followers to ‘take away all their troubles’. In South Africa, another demon in a cassock feeds his followers live snakes. On a beach somewhere, another ‘Pastor’ is pictured kissing the naked backsides of spinsters in his church searching for husbands!

A few weeks ago, there was a report about Anja Loven, a kind Danish woman based in Akwa Ibom State, who saved a little boy from certain death. She runs a charity to save children rejected by their families for being witches and wizards. Apparently, scores of children roam the streets there, having been pointed out as demons, usually with the help of a ‘Pastor’ somewhere.

Which reminds me of the self-styled female ‘witch hunter’, preacher, cum movie producer from Cross River State. She needs to be under the watch of the State Security Services. Freedom of religion and expression should not include endangering the lives of women and children. Her so-called movies and preaching galvanized a superstitious populace and the result was dozens of children tortured and abused to extract confessions of witchcraft from them. Many of them ended up as street children, with all the dangers that entails. This woman obviously has bibles which omit Jesus’s position, ‘Suffer little children to come unto me, and forbid them not, for theirs is the Kingdom of God’. Perhaps she did not read beyond ‘Suffer little children’. Thanks in part to the legacy of this notorious female preacher, as well as others like her, we have now been reduced to seeing images of our starving, half-dead children being saved by a white woman who has taken it upon herself to care for them. This is 2016. Didn’t Mary Slessor die 101 years ago?

3. We need to address our capacity to manage mental health issues in this country. Our healthcare systems are always overstretched. For many years now, there has been occasional reference to the dearth of qualified personnel and institutions to provide a range of services to ensure mental health needs are addressed. What we have now is a system that classifies people into two categories – the ‘mad’ people (the ones roaming the streets or those in designated mental health institutions) and the ‘normal’ people, which is everyone else! Experts in mental health issues have told us consistently that these classifications are very dangerous and unhelpful, but we do not seem to be listening. For those who do not understand (or are in denial) about mental health issues, or those who simply cannot afford any other kind of care, they turn to religious institutions for ‘deliverance’. This only tends to further stigmatise and traumatize victims. Of course faith has a key role to play in healing, but it should not be at the expense of orthodox medical advice.

When we consider the levels of poverty, desperation, predisposition to superstitious beliefs, levels of education and the inability of our governments at local, state and Federal level to maintain their own end of the social contract with the people, we should not be surprised when people create alternative avenues for succour. We should also understand how the faithful in some churches often get confused about who God really is – the one in heaven or the one here on earth who they can see?

4. People need to be more careful in their quest for salvation. I do not want to blame those who turn out to be the victims, but we need to be more vigilant in our choice of how and where to worship. Many a charismatic leader has led their congregation straight to hell – the 1978 Jonestown massacre in Guyana of 908 church members led by Jim Jones and the 2000 ‘mass suicides’ led by Joseph Kibwetere and Credonia Mwerinde of the Movement for the Restoration of the Commandments of God (MRTC) in Uganda are just two examples. The challenges of religious indoctrination and brainwashing are of course universal as seen from the examples above.

In our own communities here, when we consider the levels of poverty, desperation, predisposition to superstitious beliefs, levels of education and the inability of our governments at local, state and Federal level to maintain their own end of the social contract with the people, we should not be surprised when people create alternative avenues for succour. We should also understand how the faithful in some churches often get confused about who God really is – the one in heaven or the one here on earth who they can see? In their religious institutions and leaders, some of them find the employment, healthcare, education, counselling and support that they need. And sometimes it comes at a very high price. I am aware that discussing these issues with friends and family members can be problematic, but we should try and use whatever platforms we can to warn people of the dangers of blind faith in man and not God.

5. Our law enforcement officers, and the judiciary, have a key role to play in protecting citizens. They first of all need to be congratulated for seeing the ‘Reverend’ King case through, arriving at a verdict that is just. It took ten long years, and it is a miracle that the case did not ‘disappear’ like so many allegations of homicide have at one stage or the other. We however know that there is a tendency for our law enforcement officers to baulk at the thought of bringing a ‘servant of God’ to justice. For all you know, the officer concerned might be a member of the congregation, or his wife, his brother and so on. There are those who will remember the famous ‘Jesus of Oyingbo’, who was untouchable for many years, in spite of many allegations brought against him by members of his commune, hidden away in plain sight in the heart of Lagos. I hope that the King case will strengthen these systems so that we can truly believe that no one is above the law.

There is a sad truth that has emerged in the ways in which we worship God in contemporary Nigeria and to a large extent, the rest of the world. Today, our places of worship as Christians have become deeply polarized, with class, poverty, ethnicity, desperation, levels of education, and greed playing a key role. A religion that was built on values such as humility, simplicity, honesty, love and compassion has now spurned places where impunity reigns and the vulnerable are manipulated, abused, raped, beaten, ridiculed and even burnt to death. Let us all remember the day of judgement. We will be judged by a God who created all things in his image and not in the image of man.

Bisi Adeleye-Fayemi is a Gender Specialist, Social Entrepreneur and Writer. She is the Founder of Abovewhispers.com, an online community for women. She can be reached at BAF@abovewhispers.com

Effort In 3 US Cities To Combat Extremism Off To Slow Start

ASSOCIATED PRESS

MARCH 24, 2016

Muslim, Christian, minority and government leaders fix their eyes on a laptop screen showing a video as part of a federal pilot program called Countering Violent Extremism, at Roxbury Community College in Boston. Seated at center right is Carmen Ortiz, U.S. Attorney for Massachusetts. More than a year and a half after it was first announced, the federal effort in Boston, Los Angeles, and Minneapolis to combat extremist recruitment has been slow to start. Few local programs have been directly created by the Countering Violent Extremism" pilot initiative, with officials in those cities just starting to distribute more than $500,000 in Department of Justice grant money to jumpstart new local efforts.



BOSTON (ASSOCIATED PRESS) — A federally funded effort in Boston, Los Angeles and Minneapolis to combat extremist recruitment has been slow to start since it was announced a year and a half ago. Few local programs have been directly created by the "Countering Violent Extremism" pilot initiative, with officials in those cities just starting to distribute more than $500,000 in Department of Justice grant money to jumpstart new local efforts.

The furthest along appears to be Minneapolis, where officials point to at least one newly created but still not operational effort: a privately financed mentorship program working with youth in the city's sizeable Somali community, which has produced extremist recruits over the years.

Six other organizations there also recently received $300,000 in federal and private money to develop programs addressing mental health, employment and parenting issues among the Somali community and other refugee populations.

Boston and Los Angeles, in contrast, appear to be months away from distributing their share of the money — if at all. "It's a little frustrating," says Los Angeles Deputy Police Chief Michael Downing, whose department had been looking forward to federal support to enhance longstanding efforts that include outreach to help prevent radicalization. "We haven't seen a dime. We're clearly at the point where we want to put our money where our mouth is."

Recent attacks — including in Paris in November, San Bernardino, California, in December and Brussels on Tuesday — make the local programs all the more critical, said Robert Trestan, who has been involved with the Boston pilot as regional director for the Anti-Defamation League, which fights anti-Semitism.

"It's been disappointingly slow, but we have to give it a chance before it's too late," he said. Thom Mrozek, a spokesman for Eileen Decker, the U.S. attorney for central California, whose office is administering the Los Angeles grant money, said this week he couldn't provide an update on when the money might be distributed.

Wyn Hornbuckle, a spokesman for the Department of Justice, said the agency is generally "encouraged" by what it sees from the pilot efforts, including "community-driven efforts to address youth prevention and intervention, mental and behavioral health, and radicalization in prisons, among other areas."

He would not provide specifics or comment on the whether the department had expected local programs to be running by now. But he noted the funds — $216,000 each to Boston and Minneapolis and $100,000 to Los Angeles — were obligated in September 2015 and are good through this coming September, with limited extensions possible beyond then.

The pilot effort in Boston, Los Angeles and Minneapolis — with wider rollout possible based on its success — was announced in September 2014 and spotlighted during a three-day summit on global extremism convened the following February by President Barack Obama.

But observers say it has been underfunded and hobbled by a vague mission that has sown confusion and fueled strong opposition from civil rights and community groups that fear the programs will amount to government spying on law-abiding Muslims.

The pilot program in the three cities is just one piece of the administration's broader "Countering Violent Extremism" agenda. Top White House officials met in recent months with Silicon Valley tech giants in an effort to block or limit social-media distribution of extremist propaganda from the Islamic State and other groups. Secretary of State John Kerry has also met with Hollywood executives to enlist their help in social media campaigns.

The FBI recently rolled out an online classroom resource on extremism called "Don't Be a Puppet" and provided a guide to school administrators that addresses "concerning behavior" and how to intervene.

The Department of Justice started seeking applicants this month for some $3.5 million in grant money to develop, replicate or evaluate programs to reduce violent extremism. And researchers at UCLA, Harvard and the University of Illinois at Chicago have a total of $1 million in Department of Homeland Security money to help enhance efforts to counter extremism in Boston and Los Angeles, specifically.

Supporters in Boston, where bombs killed three people and injured hundreds at the 2013 Boston Marathon, said they still hope the effort will bear fruit. "I wouldn't call this a failure," said Brandy Donini-Melanson, a coordinator in the office of Boston U.S. Attorney Carmen Ortiz, which had initially led the effort there. "Let us get to a point where we have some funded programs and where there is some level of measurement to determine whether these efforts are successful or not."

The Massachusetts Department of Health and Human Services, now leading the pilot effort there, is taking steps to distribute its $216,000 in federal money. But the soonest any local organization could expect to see the money under the current timeline is the fall.

Meanwhile, families trying to prevent loved ones from becoming radicalized must navigate challenges largely on their own, said Seamus Hughes, deputy director of George Washington University's Program on Extremism.

"We're stuck in this weird limbo," he said. "There should be a way to address this that's in keeping with civil rights and civil liberties concerns but also recognizes you have families struggling that are getting no support."

Critics said they'll continue to watch the pilot efforts closely. "These programs operate under the assumption that Muslims are a national security threat," said Haroon Manjlai, a spokesman for the Los Angeles chapter of the Council on American-Islamic Relations. "They're highly objectionable."


Associated Press reporter Amy Forliti in Minneapolis contributed to this report. Follow Philip Marcelo at twitter.com/philmarcelo. His work can be found at http://bigstory.ap.org/journalist/philip-marcelo

American Muslims Decry Cruz Community Surveillance Comment

ASSOCIATED PRESS  

MARCH 23, 2016

Nas Juma, 22, left, and Omar Ghanim, 23, enjoy Lebanese pizza at Forn Al Hara restaurant in Orange County's Little Arabia in Anaheim, Calif., Tuesday, March 22, 2016. They discussed remarks made by GOP presidential candidate Sen. Ted Cruz about Muslim Americans in the wake of terrorist attacks in Belgium. Republican presidential candidate Ted Cruz said Tuesday that surveillance in Muslim neighborhoods in the U.S. must be intensified following the deadly bombings at Brussels, while rival Donald Trump suggested torturing a suspect in last year's Paris attacks would have prevented the carnage.


DEARBORN, MICH.. (AP) — Some American Muslims feel they are once again on the defensive following presidential candidate Ted Cruz's suggestion that Muslim-dominated neighborhoods should be subject to increased surveillance in the wake of the deadly attacks in Brussels.

"We're targeted even if it's not our fault," said Omar Ghanim, 23, eating Lebanese pizza Tuesday at a suburban strip mall in Orange County's Little Arabia neighborhood, just miles from Disneyland in California.

Ghanim said Islamic State doesn't represent his faith. "They don't follow the Islamic rules or anything Islam," he said. "We're a peaceful people. We're not violent." Cruz said Tuesday that law enforcement should be empowered to "patrol and secure Muslim neighborhoods before they become radicalized." Echoing earlier statements from rival Donald Trump, Cruz also said the U.S. should stop the flow of refugees from countries where the Islamic State militant group has a significant presence. IS claimed responsibility for the attacks at the Brussels airport and a subway station that killed dozens Tuesday and wounded many more.

Muslims across the country and groups including the Council on American-Islamic Relations and the Anti-Defamation League condemned Cruz's statements. Many said the remarks were part of a disturbing trend: For months, the Islamic extremist attacks in Paris and San Bernardino, and the intensifying rhetoric of the presidential campaign, have ratcheted up animosity against American Muslims.

"We have the same ideology as mainstream Americans," said Osman Ahmed, who lives in a Somali neighborhood in Minneapolis. Surveillance of a Muslim community neighborhood "will send a message that Muslim-Americans are not a part of American society ... and that's the message that terrorism groups are willing to hear."

Trump, who has proposed a temporary ban on foreign Muslims entering the U.S., praised Cruz's plan as a "good idea" that he supports "100 percent" in an interview with CNN. The Republican front-runner also intensified his past calls for the U.S. to engage in harsher interrogation techniques, arguing that Belgium could have prevented the bombings had it tortured a suspect in last year's Paris attacks who was arrested last week.

Speaking Tuesday in New York, Cruz praised the city police department's former program of conducting surveillance in Muslim neighborhoods. He called for its reinstatement and said it could be a model for police departments nationwide.

"New Yorkers want a safe and secure America," Cruz said. "New Yorkers saw firsthand the tragic consequences of radical Islamic terrorism." After the 9/11 attacks, the New York Police Department used its intelligence division to cultivate informants in Muslim communities. In a series of articles, The Associated Press revealed that authorities had infiltrated dozens of mosques and Muslim student groups and investigated hundreds of them.

The program was disbanded amid complaints of religious and racial profiling. The Council on American-Islamic Relations, the nation's largest Muslim civil rights and advocacy organization, said the call for surveillance sends "an alarming message to American Muslims who increasingly fear for their future in this nation."

The Anti-Defamation League, a U.S. group that battles anti-Semitism worldwide, said Cruz's plan harkens back to the relocation of Japanese-Americans to internment camps during World War II. Linda Sarsour, executive director of the Arab American Association of New York, said she fears for armed groups "who are emboldened by the commentary from people like Ted Cruz and Donald Trump."

"What's scaring me more is the kind of potential fueling of these vigilantes and people who might want to take up arms and go patrol Muslim neighborhoods," she said. The Detroit suburb of Dearborn is widely known as the hometown of Henry Ford, who hired Arabs and Muslims in the early days of the Ford Motor Co. and helped create what is now one of the nation's largest and most concentrated communities of residents who trace their roots to the Middle East.

Kebba Kah, a 46-year-old Ford employee who was entering a mosque in Dearborn for evening prayers Tuesday, said the bombings in Brussels were "a very terrible thing," and insisted that such attacks are roundly rejected by all Muslims save for "a few radical groups."


Associated Press writers Gillian Flaccus in Anaheim, California; Vivian Salama, Jill Colvin, Steve Peoples, Ken Thomas, Lisa Lerer and Alan Fram in Washington; Jonathan Lemire and Deepti Hajela in New York; and Steve Karnowski and Amy Forliti in Minneapolis contributed to this report.

Follow Jeff Karoub on Twitter at https://twitter.com/jeffkaroub . His work can be found at http://bit.ly/1N7ImDc .

Akosua Busia Re-Emerges In The Spotlight In 'Eclipsed'

BY MARK KENNEDY

ASSOCIATED PRESS

WEDNESDAY, MARCH 23, 2006

Akosua Busia attends the opening night celebration of "Eclipsed" at The Public Theater in New York. Busia, an actress and novelist, is the daughter of a Ghanaian prime minister and mother of a daughter with her ex-husband, "Boyz N the Hood" director John Singleton. (Photo by Greg Allen/Invision/AP, File)




NEW YORK (AP) — Step into Akosua Busia's tiny dressing room on Broadway and you walk into a little corner of happy calm. There's a small palm tree and some potted plants. The heater is blasting. A pair of white sculptured wings hangs on a wall. There's a huge poster of a tranquil beach and rolling waves.

The Ghanaian actress decorated it with items from Amazon and a budget of $300. She usually gets this reaction: "Everyone's like, 'Akosua, you're homesick.'" Maybe, but she's on a mission: After leaving show business for 18 years to raise her daughter, Busia is back, starring in "Eclipsed," Danai Gurira's searing, important play about enslaved women in Liberia's 12-year civil war.

That Busia is part of such a groundbreaking show isn't unusual for this royal-born daughter of a Ghanaian prime minister. She's a novelist, actress, activist and mother to her daughter with ex-husband, John Singleton, director of "Boyz N the Hood."

Before giving birth, Busia penned the novel "The Seasons of Beento Blackbird," co-wrote the film adaptation of Toni Morrison's novel "Beloved" and played Nettie in Steven Spielberg's film "The Color Purple." In an odd twist, she finds that the "Eclipsed" theater is next to the one showing a revival of "The Color Purple" musical (she gives it two thumbs up).

In "Eclipsed," Busia plays a visiting peace activist who tries to help women in one compound escape the war zone. Three captives have endured multiple rapes, and one has picked up a gun and become a ruthless fighter.

It's a wrenching play, and the cast, which includes Lupita Nyong'o, Pascale Armand, Zainab Jah and Saycon Sengbloh, gathers to huddle in a circle five minutes before every show and again backstage afterward to breathe and hum.

"It's not a show where you can call it in," she said. "When we're tired or one of us doesn't feel good, we say, 'Wow. We only have to live this for 2½ hours. People lived this for 12 years.'" Director Liesl Tommy said the show's creators were having a hard time casting Busia's role when someone happened to throw out her name. Busia was the Nyong'o of her day, "someone who had this light, this undeniable luminosity." Busia was retired and living in Ghana. Then they got good news: She was in visiting her sister in New Jersey.

Busia was persuaded to audition for the show. She found herself in a play in which her character has lost her daughter and been dragged away by soldiers to an awful fate. "It's unthinkable to me. It's literally unimaginable to me," she said.

Busia recalls a terrifying moment in Ghana, when her not-yet-1-year-old child started convulsing with malaria. Busia stripped down and pulled her into a cold shower to try to bring down her temperature.

In the confusion, a maid then rushed the girl to a clinic but Busia didn't know which one. "I can't even begin to describe the sheer panic," she said. She jumped on a taxi's hood, hysterical and half-naked, and hurried to three clinics before finding the right one. But the doctor wouldn't treat the shivering girl until after she was bathed.

"I found myself on a doctor with my hands on his throat," Busia said. He saw her fear and backed off. They later became friends but the terror never left. She pours that fear of losing a child into her Broadway role: "Searching for days and weeks on end? Oh my God, I cannot imagine. I don't know how people ever stop."

The show marks the first time on Broadway that a cast, director and playwright have been made up entirely of female artists, something Busia calls "astounding." She said she's been in similar situations, breaking barriers by having a mixed-race romance on network TV opposite Anthony Andrews in the 1985 miniseries "A.D." and being the first black leading lady in a West End play in London in "Gloo Joo" in 1978.

"Every time I go, 'It cannot be true. That's not the world I live in. Surely you people jest,'" she said. "Either the entertainment world is so far behind what is really happening or we are so blind to what the reality is — and I'm beginning to be scared that it's the second one."

Online:

http://eclipsedbroadway.com

Follow Mark Kennedy on Twitter at http://twitter.com/KennedyTwits

NIGERIA: Why NASS Exposed Budget Padding -- Hon. Zakary

LEADERSHIP NIGERIA

MARCH 17, 2016

In this interview with ABDULLAHI OLESIN, the chairman, House of Representatives Committee on Basic Education, Hon. Zakari Mohammed speaks on sundry national issues and concludes that the Nigeria’s situation is like that of a patient in the emergency ward.

Excerpts:

Crude oil swap

In the month of January a colleague of ours brought up a motion on the alleged misconduct in the handling of the crude oil swap. Simple; at some point Nigeria had issue in the provision of fuel for its citizenry and became cash-trapped. The Nigerian National Petroleum Corporation (NNPC) according to the narrative we got was owing marketers and of course it must provide premium motor spirit (PMS) and other related products for the usage of Nigerians. That is when the swap arrangement came. The crude oil swap is like trade by barter arrangement. We have crude and give it to marketers, they take it outside Nigeria and return it as a refined product.

Worldwide it is not a misnomer. Countries do it when there are issues. The other alternative is what they call crude in exchange of refined products. At any rate they adopted the oil swap and there was a lot of anomalies. One of the companies was called Duke Oil, a subsidiary of NNPC got the contract to do swap and it used to collect 445,000 barrels of crude oil daily. The company believed that it did not have the technical capacity to handle such a transaction and it decided to involve some other marketers. At some point it was going on very well. Between 2012 and 2014 the agreement expired; and when the agreement expired the sane thing to do is to renew it. We discovered that between that period crude oil of Nigeria was taken away without a valid agreement. Even though they said that they had written to the then petroleum minister for the approval of either president or federal executive council but unilaterally she approved an extension.

For now we have interrogated former GMDs, former petroleum minister, former PPMC’s heads, former MDs of Duke Oil, oil marketers and the only people we have yet to take on are Customs, Ports authorities and Prince Haruna Mommoh who was in charge of PPMC between the time Dizeani Alison-Madueke was the petroleum minister.

We are expecting them, at least we have dispatched letters to them. With that we will be winding down so that we can compile our report. The committee has set out that it will not witch-hunt anybody, but where we find out that there are infractions we will definitely make sure that we recommend appropriately. So far so go we have been getting on well. We have seen the reactions of Nigerians on what we will do with that. The assurances I have for them is that we have a mandate by the Constitution of the Federal Republic of Nigeria to investigate and expose corruption.

Shortfall in the education sector in the 2016 budget?

There are certain sub-heads such as the Unity Schools that the meal subsidy was slashed down. We have 104 Unity Schools and of the number, we have a population of 19,000 students. The meal subsidy’s proposal should be N450 daily- that means N150 per meal amounting to over N11 billion but it was reduced to about N8 billion . The implication is that their food might be reduced to about N80 per meal. How much will N80 do with what we have today? We at the level on the committee on basic education in the House of Representatives have approached the appropriation committee to make provisions for that shortfall.

Misconceptions about the 2016 budget?
I think some people are not doing their jobs very well. I cannot explain for them as I am not a member of the executive. But the story we heard is that civil servants were already working on the budget before ministers were appointed. When the ministers came in they brought some version and consultants engaged at some levels.

The President has started taking steps to ensure that he goes into the crux of the matter. Budget is not a day’s job. It is there you will know whether certain heads are implementable or not. Padding is a relative term. For us in the parliament if a budget is brought to us we should be able to detect all these infractions. If it were the case of garbage in garbage out we wouldn’t have detected that. We want to bequeath an implementable document to Nigerians beyond our long grammar. Because a lot of things are calling for attention; the roads are in very terrible state; power supply shaky; education sector is in shambles. We definitely must make hay while the sun shines.

Our case in Nigeria is like a patient in the emergency ward. He needs all the consultants available to revive him.

What gave the NASS the effrontery to expose this anomaly in the budget based on the fact that the ruling party also has the majority in the assembly?

Our parties are vehicles for us to get to the National Assembly. When you get into the National Assembly your people are more paramount than the parties and there is a country called Nigeria. For us we believe that we are a separate arm of government. When we see things that are not right we point them out, because keeping quiet would be a conspiracy of silence that would not help anybody. For instance, I don’t think the president will be happy if he eventually knows that certain things have taken place and we allowed them to go without raising eyebrows. It is not an effrontery we are just doing our jobs. NASS has three responsibilities of representation, over sight and the budget and of course the budget is our core responsibility. If we fail to do that, we will be failing in one of our responsibilities. I can tell you that the NASS is a very liberalized body. Unlike what people think, we have people who had paid their dues in their different endeavours before going to the National Assembly.

Recalling each time there is interruption of the democratic setting it is the legislature that is the whipping boy. The judiciary will be there; the powers of the executive and the legislature would be fused together by the military heads. The only representation that you have is the legislature. In the executive the people only elect the president and vice president, others are appointees, who owe no allegiance to the people.

Kogi State’s crisis

Kogi Assembly is a-25 member House. Five members have gone to revalidate their terms as they have issues in the court. So we have 20 members; five members sat and said they have sacked the speaker. Fifteen others are in the same place. I don’t want to dwell on technicalities. I am a member of the committee of the House that went to Kogi state recently. We met with the Governor, Commissioner of police, director of DSS and the 15 members, but of course the other five refused to meet with us.

But the Nigerian Constitution is very clear, Section 11 (4) says when a state House of Assembly cannot sit for whatsoever reasons, the House of Representatives is empowered to take over the responsibilities pending the time the house can sit and make laws. Kogi state House of Assembly has not sat for three or four weeks and it is very obvious from our interaction that they are not ready to sit. And we cannot keep governance static.

I heard some people went to court. I think some lawyers too, I’m sorry to say, don’t understand the provisions of the Constitutions. I watched one of their lawyers on television and I am totally disappointed. The lawyer even went further to say they will stop the House of Representatives from exercising their constitutional responsibility. I see that as a huge joke.

One thing that is clear without any iota of ambiguity is that the NASS has the powers to take over the functions of the state house of assembly. We did that in the seventh assembly by taking over the Rivers state House of Assembly when a similar scenario happened.

I appeal to elected representatives to be accountable to our people. Like I told them that we should leave the election mood and face governance. The fact that APC has not issued a statement should not be mistaken that the party is not ready for governance. May be the party wants the forces to play themselves our naturally. We are running fiscal federalism and Kogi state is an integral part of the country.

Legality of card readers

What we are going to do is to amend the Electoral Act to include card readers? I think that is what the Supreme Court is saying. They are talking law but you and I know that card reader was able to curb election violence in a greater deal. The Evidence Law we are using in Nigeria till about three years ago was the one of 1930s. Until we amended it in the last Assembly; the law is saying electronic evidences are not admissible in court. But we changed that in the last assembly saying that electronic evidences are admissible.

Card readers for me, that is where the world is going. It is an issue for academic exercise. I think the judges want it in black and white that for the purposes of elections in Nigeria card readers should be used.

Kurds Plan To Declare A Federal Region In Northern Syria

ASSOCIATED PRESS

MARCH 16, 2016

Provided by the Kurdish fighters of the People's Protection Units (YPG), which has been authenticated based on its contents and other AP reporting, Kurdish female fighters of the YPG, carry their weapons as they walk in the frontline of Kery Sabee village, northeast Syria. A spokesman for a powerful Syrian Kurdish political party said on Wednesday, March 16, 2016 that his faction is planning to declare a federal region in northern Syria, a model it hopes can be applied to the entire country. (The Kurdish fighters of the People's Protection Units via AP, File)

BEIRUT (ASSOCIATED PRESS) — Syrian Kurds are preparing a plan to declare a federal region in the area they control across northern Syria, saying Wednesday it is a model for a more decentralized government in which all ethnic groups would be represented.

Although the idea might seem like a way forward after five years of civil war, it faces big obstacles: It was promptly dismissed by the government of Syrian President Bashar Assad and the rebels who oppose him, both fearing it would lead to a partition of the country.


Turkey also opposes it, wary of the growing Kurdish influence in the border region of northern Syria and its effect on its own Kurdish minority. But Ahmad Araj, a Kurdish official in northern Syria, insisted that a federal system containing such a region, which would effectively combine three Kurdish-led autonomous areas, is in fact meant to preserve national unity and prevent Syria from breaking up along sectarian lines.

"After all the blood that has been spilled, Syrians will not accept anything less than decentralization," Araj said. By making the announcement as U.N.-sponsored peace negotiations are taking place in Geneva, Syria's main Kurdish faction was trying to become a major player in whatever central government emerges from the war. The faction has been excluded from the talks.

The idea of a federal region appears to have gained some traction lately as world and regional powers grapple with ways to end the conflict. Russian Foreign Minister Sergey Lavrov this week said such a federal system is one possible option if the Syrian people agree to it. The U.S. also has been an ardent supporter of the Kurds in the region, helping them in navigating the delicate rivalries in Iraq after the 2003 invasion that toppled Saddam Hussein.

U.S. State Department spokesman Mark Toner told reporters that the U.S. opposes declarations of autonomous federal zones prior to a negotiated political resolution in Syria. However, if a resolution is reached by the Syrian people and their representative, and if it includes a federal system that allows for limited or semi-autonomy for different regions, Toner said Washington would not oppose it.

The Kurdish declaration is expected to be made at the end of a conference that began Wednesday in the town of Rmeilan, in Syria's northern Hassakeh province, and may last several days. The plan could make sense in a country that has a multitude of sectarian and ethnic minorities for whom it would be difficult to share a unifying national sentiment again.

The government, dominated by Assad's Alawite sect of Shiite Islam, controls Damascus, the Alawite heartland along the Mediterranean coast, and other cities and connecting corridors in between. The Kurds run their own affairs in the northeast.

The militants of the Islamic State group control much of the Sunni heartland in the east. Other Sunni rebels control pockets in the north and south. The Druze remain loyal but are starting to talk about autonomy in their southern areas as well.

Any move to carve up the country could risk yet more violence, including ethnic or sectarian cleansing. Joshua Landis, director of Middle East studies at the University of Oklahoma, said the federalist project has logic to it, but is doomed to fail under current conditions.

"The federal system would be the way forward if people would accept it," Landis said, "But they won't because they don't like each other." Assad's multi-religious base and the largely secular Kurds distrust the Islamist-dominated opposition, and the opposition will not tolerate the continuation of Assad rule in any part of Syria, either in Damascus at the head of a federal government, or in the coastal region, where his Alawite supporters predominate.

In these conditions, it would be difficult for federalism to take root. Kurds are the largest ethnic minority in Syria, making up more than 10 percent of the prewar population of 23 million. They control an area along the Turkish border stretching from eastern Syria, near the Iraqi border, to Afrin in the west, interrupted only by a stretch of territory controlled by the Islamic State group.

The Kurds declared their own civil administration in three distinct enclaves, or cantons, under their control: Jazira, Kobani and Afrin, in 2013. Federalism could be a first step toward creating an autonomous region similar to the one operated by the Kurds in Iraq, where their territory is virtually a separate country.

The main Syrian Kurdish group — the Democratic Union Party (PYD), and its military wing, the People's Protection Units (YPG) — have been excluded from the Geneva talks so as not to anger Turkey, despite Russia's insistence they participate. Ankara views the group as a terrorist organization.

Nawaf Khalil of the PYD told The Associated Press by phone from Germany, where he is based, that his party is not lobbying for a Kurdish region but an all-inclusive area with representation for Turkmen, Arabs and Kurds in northern Syria.

Salih Muslim, the co-president of the PYD, told the AP in Sulaimaniyah, Iraq, that the decision to declare a federal region was not yet official, but any such announcement would be a positive step to help keep Syria together.

A Turkish Foreign Ministry official said his country rejects any moves that would compromise Syria's national unity, adding that "unilateral moves carry no validity." It's up to the Syrian people to "decide on the executive and administrative structure of Syria in line with the new constitution which will be formulated through the political transition process," said the official, who spoke on condition of anonymity because of government practice.

Turkey views the PYD as an extension of the Kurdistan Workers' Party, or PKK, which has renewed a decades-old insurgency since peace talks collapsed last year. The U.S. also considers the PKK a terrorist group, but both Washington and Moscow support the YPG, which has been among the most effective forces against the Islamic State group.

Both the Syrian government and the opposition, at least in theory, reject any form of partition of Syria. Syria's U.N. Ambassador Bashar Ja'afari, who also heads the government team in Geneva, said the talks are meant to discuss preserving Syria's territorial integrity.

"Betting on creating any kind of divisions among the Syrians will be a total failure," Ja'afari said. Added Riad Naasan Agha, a member of the Saudi-backed Syrian opposition: "What someone declares on their own, far away from the Syrian people, is unacceptable."

The PYD's Khalil distinguished between autonomous rule over Kurdish areas — which has been in effect in Syria since 2013 — and the federalism project, which he said was ethnically inclusive. "The federalism project is a model for all Syria," he said.

The Kurdish plan comes at a critical juncture in the conflict. A 2-week-old Russian and U.S.-engineered partial cease-fire is holding, the peace talks have resumed, and Moscow on Tuesday began withdrawing most of its troops from Syria after a 5½-month campaign of airstrikes supporting Assad, its longtime ally.

That has raised hopes for more meaningful discussions in Geneva, where U.N. envoy Staffan de Mistura is shuttling between delegations from the Syrian government and the moderate, Western-backed opposition.


Associated Press writers Dominique Soguel in Istanbul, Vladimir Isachenkov in Moscow, Jamey Keaten in Geneva and Lynne O'Donnell in Kabul contributed.

Buhari Lacks Capacity To Govern Nigeria -- Ben Nwabueze

IHEANACHO NWOSU

THE SUN, NIGERIA, MARCH 16, 2016

Renowned lawyer, Prof Ben Nwabueze , SAN,is the President of Patriot, a revered group of intellectuals and elder statesmen campaigning for good governance. In this chat, the legal luminary catalogued some constitutional breaches and missteps by President Muhammadu Buhari in the last 10 months. He admonished the citizenry not to expect so much from the President because he lacked the intellectual capacity to govern Nigeria. He also spoke on corruption in National Assembly, Judiciary and the EFCC.

Are you satisfied with the direction President Buhari is going ?
The President is not going in the direction of democratic rule. He is not going in that direction. He declared himself to be a born again democrat. He said that after his election and installation. But I don’t think the way he has been going has really proved him to be a born again democrat.

Quite frankly, I am not surprised considering his antecedents. I pointed that out before the election. I said that he is a man who, throughout his career, was a military commander commanding some units in the army, and therefore used to giving orders and requiring his orders to be obeyed and they were obeyed in line with the principles governing armed forces in the country. Secondly, from being military commander he became head of the federal military government. And absolutism was the case. Everybody must carry out his orders. Not only soldiers now but the whole country of which he was the head of state.

With that background, with those antecedents, I think it would be too much to expect that he can change overnight to become a born again democrat. I didn’t see it as possible. So, before the election, I said all these in different fora. As leader of the Patriot , as leader of Igbo Leaders of thought and other platforms, I pointed these facts out. I issued a number of press releases advising this country that we had to be aware of where we were going. I warned that we have experienced such a thing from Obasanjo who has the same antecedents – military commander, head of the federal military government. We elected him in 1999 to transit us to democracy but he aborted it. He subverted the rule of law, subverted democracy for eight years. I cautioned that we should not allow history to repeat itself.

In spite of all that, we elected Gen Buhari. We should not be surprised at what we are getting.

Are the specific steps that he has taken that show that he is not really a born again democrat?

The first step was to rule this country for four months without ministers contrary to the constitution. The constitution does not confer absolute power on the president to rule any how. It specifies that he must rule with a council of ministers. But he ignored all that. He went ahead and imposed personal rule on us for four months. What he did was anti-democracy. It is not in line with the command of our constitution.

We are not really getting institutional government, a government that is based on institutions and not by one man. He has a council of ministers now but the question again is, is the government of this country really run by that council? Is it not whatever he says that happen? Yes, the constitution gives him the power to take certain decision but the same constitution says the power must be exercised in a certain way, manner and form. The same constitution that vests the title of power in him goes on to say that he has to exercise it with the advice of the council of ministers. He must hold regular meetings with the council of ministers to advise him on how to exercise his powers. He didn’t do that for four months. He was ruling alone, making appointments, deciding policies, doing all sorts of things for four months.

In October he installed ministers but what we are getting, are we not still having personal rule? There is difference between personal rule and institutional rule, rule by institutions established by the constitution. What are the institutions doing? The council of ministers is just one. There are so many other institutions – council of state, security council, etc.

Constitution can fairly be described as consultative government. You have to consult with various agencies established by the constitution. Is he doing that?

The constitution imposes so many other limitations in power. Are those limitations being observed? The bill of right is there guaranteeing rights to every individual, every citizen. Are those rights being obeyed? The constitution outlaws inhuman treatment. We are seeing citizens being hand cuffed for corruption. Is that enough to handcuff a citizen? The constitution prohibits inhuman treatment. If a man commits murder and there is evidence that he may escape, you can handcuff him. That is the only circumstance where you can justify, arguably, handcuffing of a citizen.

I heard also that Nnamdi Kanu was handcuffed. What did he do? Radio Biafra ? Is that enough to handcuff him? There are several other things to point at. He made 31 strategic appointments that were not based on justice. He did that in a constitution that says the social order is founded on justice. He made 31 appointments and none was from the South- East. Is that justice ?

But the appointments were justified by one of your colleague , Prof Sagay, who argued that South-East having followed and voted for the former president, Goodluck Jonathan in the last election, should not expect to get appointments in Buhari’s government…

Did Sagay say that? I am aware that the President himself said it but I am not aware that Sagay said it. I would be surprised if he did , knowing that equal treatment is there in the constitution. You must treat citizens equally irrespective of the place of origin, ethnic and religious affiliation. Merely that citizens did not vote for you is not a ground for discriminating against them. It is not a ground. Sagay is a man I respect but I would doubt if he said that kind of thing.

What do you make of the current dust over the enlisting of Nigeria into the Saudi Arabia-led Coalition against terrorism by President Buhari without getting the backing of the National Assembly? Did the President act outside his constitutional power?
Section 10 makes the country a secular state. We had this kind of row before. That was under Gen Ibrahim Babangida when he took Nigeria into OIC. The action nearly tore this country into pieces. It was against section 10. The secular status of this country must be respected. Religion is one of the things that arouse so much bitterness among the people. People regard their religion, their faith as an essential part of themselves, their being. Nobody should play with the religious character of this country and that is why section 10 says that no religion must be adopted as a religion of the state.

We are all against terrorism but don’t make it a religious issue. This country is not a Muslim country, it is not a Muslim state. He does not need to drag Nigeria into the coalition. Nigeria is not a Muslim state and that is why CAN in the North is up in arms over that. The opposition by CAN in the North is not enough,CAN all over the country should be up in arms as was the case when Babangida took the country to OIC . I am surprised that the reaction so far has not engulfed the whole country .

Are you not satisfied with his explanation that the move is only meant to mobilize enough force against insurgency in the country

Don’t make the fight against terrorism a religious issue. We are all against terrorism but don’t drag this country into one religious group because of terrorism or because we are fighting terrorism . We cannot use the war on corruption as a justification for everything. We should be very careful. I have said all that I need to say on this issue of hiding under fight against corruption to do all sorts of things including assaulting the constitution.

If ISIS attacks this country, it is all of us that would suffer it. The first thing he should have done would be to consult widely. He should carry the National Assembly with him. He should carry all of us along. We all have a stake in this country. The war against terrorism involves everybody. The President should not drag us to the coalition without consultation. The National Assembly is there . The enlisting of Nigeria into this Islamic coalition led by the Saudi against terrorism …was it approved even by his council of ministers?

Some have accused the President of not following due process in the fight against corruption, is it possible to tackle corruption without such allegation flying in the air ?

We all support the war against corruption, but that war must be fought according to the constitution. It is a choice we have to make whether we want to fight corruption at all costs, irrespective of the constitution; is that what we want? The moment we throw away the constitution, you are inviting anarchy.

The constitution is like a glue, maybe a weak glue, but it is still a glue that holds all the over 389 ethnic groups in this country together. The moment you throw it away, there would be problems. Corruption is a very small part of the problems of this country, relatively speaking.

What is the bigger part?
It is the national question of how to hold 389 nationalities together to form one nation. That is the problem which is so complex. These ethnic nationalities are nations by every definition. What we want is unity, but we do not want unity at the total expense of the ethnic nations because it won’t work. We have to try and find a way to preserve the separate identity of these ethnic nations and at the same time, create some type of unity. The so-called unity in diversity does not work. And it doesn’t work, because of over- concentration of power. We need to restructure this country if we want Nigeria to continue to exist as one state.

The Jonathan administration was accused of not fighting corruption and the reason that those who participated in that government gave was that they were adhering to the rule of law. Is it not possible that such excuse may have informed the current posture of the Buhari administration?

If it is true, it is a wrong posture. We have to define our priorities and our priorities are to maintain the constitution and the rule of law. We should fight corruption within that framework. Once you abandon the constitution, you are jeopardizing and perverting your priorities. And your priorities must be to maintain the constitution. The problem with the past administration is not so much about the constitution, but it is the fact that there was no will to fight corruption. Not only Jonathan, but the Obasanjo administration did not have the will to fight corruption. They did not believe in the genuine fight against corruption and only used the constitution as an excuse for not doing what they were supposed to do, because they themselves were corrupt. Let us tell ourselves the honest truth; they were corrupt.

Do we really need a special court in the fight against corruption as some people are advocating?
We do not need a special court because there are adequate courts to do the jobs. The problem is that we are subverting the courts.

But there are allegations that some lawyers are part of the problem and as a way of justifying such claim, a few have been detained by the Economic and Financial Crimes Commission (EFCC). Where do you stand on such allegation?
The saddest thing is that so many people are involved in it. The lawyers are involved and even the EFCC; the agency which is supposed to fight corruption is also in it. Have you not read the report on the activities of the EFCC under Nuhu Ribadu? In that report, it showed that the assets that were confisticated from a former Inspector General of Police, Tafa Balogun, and the late Governor of Bayelsa State, Diepreye Alamieyeseigha were sold. But the question now is, where is the money which was said to have been recovered? If anyone wants to fight corruption, he must investigate the EFCC and overhaul it. You created a ‘thief catcher’, and the ‘thief catcher’ turns out to be the principal thief. They recovered looted funds and they re-looted the funds.

Away from the Presidency, have we really had it good from the National Assembly and the judiciary?

Every agency in this country is sucked into this corruption web. The National Assembly and the judiciary are all sucked into it; so, it makes it a difficult problem. But it is not impossible to surmount. What you need is the will and let people believe that you are genuinely fighting corruption, and that you yourself are free of corruption.

Is this President deficient of that will and the reputation that you say that people need to see to believe in the genuiness of the intent to fight corruption?

There are two issues here. The will is one issue and I think he has the will; but the issue is if he is going about it the right way. Is perversion not an aspect of corruption? You pervert the constitution and you pervert institutions in the name of war against corruption. What is that? Is that not corruption? That is also part of corruption and we must appreciate this. Perversion is an important dimension of corruption. Don’t pervert existing institutions and say that it is because you are fighting corruption. I do not agree with that. He may have the will, but is it being exercised in the right way? Are we complicating matters by perverting institutions in the name of fighting corruption? Are we not making matters worse?

Before the election, you came up with Buhari’s past credentials, was Jonathan a better alternative?

Jonathan was not. I wanted PDP voted out because it had misgoverned the country. The question now is, if Nigerians had voted Jonathan, would the nation’s economy have been any better?

Was Buhari the only man who could have succeeded Jonathan? Is he?

But the platform on which he contested was strong , we had only APC and PDP, they were strong and had the spread…

Who created the platform? That is where we derailed ourselves. I wanted a change because the Peoples Democratic Party (PDP) was misgoverning this country and I thought that All Progressives Congress (APC) would give us that change; but what happened? During the APC primary, the contest was between former Vice President, Atiku Abubakar and Buhari. Atiku scored 954 votes, against Buhari’s over 4000 votes. Why was that? The voters in the primary were Muslims and they were waiting for a man whom they felt would solve the problem of corruption. They were looking for a man who could implement the Sharia in Nigeria and that was what informed their decision. Atiku is a Muslim, but he is a moderate Muslim. He is enlightened and broadminded. He does not have the antecedents of Buhari, but they ignored him and it was there and then that I parted company with the APC. They dashed my hopes for this country. We needed a change from Jonathan, but we didn’t get the change in Buhari. If they didn’t want Atiku, there were other northerners who could have done the job. I do not like the picture that was being painted that Buhari was the only alternative. That is not true.

The country’s economy appears to be at a standstill and some people have advocated an economic summit that would come up with solutions to our economic problems. Do you subscribe to that, or do you recommend that Nigerians be patient with the President?

It may help, because the economic situation right now is really biting hard. Some solution has to be looked for. I do not know what the solution is, but we can’t continue like this. Our currency is almost valueless because of the exchange rate. Some weeks ago, you needed almost N490 to buy a British pound and I immediately remembered when the exchange rate was one pound to N1. The price of everything including pure water has shot up because of the exchange rate. A bag of pure water that used to be N60 or N70, is now sold for N150.

Some have argued that these developments shows that this administration was not actually prepared for governance, while others say that President Buhari does not have the capacity to govern the country. Which of the two claims is correct ?

I do not think that it is a question of not being prepared. Don’t forget that the 2015 election was his fourth time of contesting, of making attempt at being President. He tried to be president for 12 years. So, he had more than enough time to prepare himself if he had the capacity. So, it is not that he was not prepared; the fact is that he lacks the capacity to govern as the problems are beyond him. Even if you give him 20 years to prepare, it would still be beyond his capacity. Nigeria is a very complex country. I have told you before, that we have 389 ethnic nationalities. The complexities and the issues involved in ruling such a country are huge. Leading such a complex country is an intellectual issue and Buhari does not have the intellectual capacity to comprehend what it means to govern this country.

Could it also be because of the level of rot that was in place before he came?


All of that is a challenge and anyone who chooses to lead the country has to understand the complexity of the issues involved. How do you understand the issues of transition from colonialism to independence? Those issues are still staring everybody in the face. People think that decolonization means independence, but it is not true. How do we solve the problems created by colonialism?

Nigerian President Accused Of Overstating Boko Haram Losses

Associated Press

March 13, 2016

President Muhammadu Buhari speaking to the press in Paris September 16, 2015. Image: AFP/Yahoo News



ABUJA, NIGERIA (ASSOCIATED PRESS)— Nigeria's president has exaggerated the military's success against Boko Haram, say officials in northern Nigeria in response to an American commander's testimony that the Islamic extremist group still holds territory.

President Muhammadu Buhari said in January that Boko Haram is "currently not holding any territory today as we speak." His claim — made at a summit in Abu Dhabi — was met with skepticism in Nigeria.

Buhari's claim was contradicted last week by Gen. David Rodriguez, commander of U.S. Africa Command, who told the Senate Armed Services Committee in Washington that Boko Haram "does own some significant territory in northern Nigeria."

Rodriguez's statement indicates that Nigeria's government is overstating its success in the campaign to eliminate the extremists, a few northern officials said this weekend.

"All we know is that Boko Haram lacks the capacity to carry out their usual commando-like attacks during which they march in and run down towns or villages, but that is not enough to say that they are not around," said Ngari Modu, a transport official in the Nganzai area of northeast Borno state.

Modu, who stays in a camp for displaced persons in the city of Maiduguri, said his home village and surrounding areas remain "no-go" zones.

"We are left confused each time we hear soldiers saying no territory is now under the control of Boko Haram," he said.

In the 10 months since he took office promising to halt the insurgency, Buhari has replaced the military's leadership, resupplied soldiers and moved the headquarters for the fight from the distant capital, Abuja, to Maiduguri.

Sen. Mohammed Ndume of Borno said that Nigeria's soldiers are succeeding in cutting off Boko Haram's access to food and supplies and he is confident that eventually the military will regain all territory from Boko Haram.