New Recording Of MLK 'Dream Speech' Found

RALEIGH, N.C. (AP) — Before the Rev. Martin Luther King Jr. delivered his famous "I Have a Dream" speech to hundreds of thousands of people gathered in Washington in 1963, he fine-tuned his civil rights message before a much smaller audience in North Carolina.

The Rev. Dr. Martin Luther King Jr., head of the Southern Christian Leadership Conference, gestures during his "I Have a Dream" speech as he addresses thousands of civil rights supporters gathered in Washington, D.C. Months before the Rev. Martin Luther King Jr. delivered his famous “I Have a Dream” speech to hundreds of thousands of people gathered in Washington in 1963, he fine-tuned his civil rights message before a much smaller audience in North Carolina. Reporters had covered King’s 55-minute speech at a high school gymnasium in Rocky Mount on Nov. 27, 1962, but a recording wasn’t known to exist until English professor Jason Miller found an aging reel-to-reel tape in the town’s public library. (AP)


Reporters had covered King's 55-minute speech at a high school gymnasium in Rocky Mount on Nov. 27, 1962, but a recording wasn't known to exist until English professor Jason Miller found an aging reel-to-reel tape in a town library. Miller played it in public for the first time Tuesday at North Carolina State University.

"It is part civil rights address. It is part mass meeting. And it has the spirit of a sermon," Miller said. "And I never before heard Dr. King combine all those genres into one particular moment." King used the phrase "I have a dream" eight times in his address to about 2,000 people at Booker T. Washington High School in Rocky Mount, eight months before electrifying the nation with the same words at the March on Washington.

He also referred to "the sons of former slaves and the sons of former slave owners," saying he dreamed they would "meet at the table of brotherhood." On the steps of the Lincoln Memorial, King changed that to "sit down together at the table of brotherhood." In both speeches, "Let Freedom Ring" served as his rallying cry.

"It's not so much the message of a man," the Rev. William Barber, president of the state chapter of the NAACP, said Tuesday. "It's the message of a movement, which is why he kept delivering it. It proves once again that the 'I have a dream' portion was not a good climax to a speech for mere applause, but an enduring call to hopeful resistance and a nonviolent challenge to injustice."

Miller discovered the recording while researching "Origins of the Dream," his book exploring similarities between King's speeches and the poetry of Langston Hughes. His ah-ha moment came when he learned through a newspaper story about a transcript of the speech in state archives. If there's a transcript, then there must be a recording, he thought.

He sent emails and made calls until he eventually heard back in the fall of 2013 from the Braswell Public Library in Rocky Mount, where staff said a box with the recording had mysteriously appeared on a desk one day. Handwriting on the box described it as a recording of King's speech, and said "please do not erase."

Before listening to the recording, Miller confirmed that the 1.5-millimeter acetate reel-to-reel tape could be played safely. He brought it to an audio expert in Philadelphia, George Blood, who set it as close to its original levels as he could. Then Blood, whose clients include the Library of Congress, digitized the tape.

It proved fortunate for King that he had practiced the dream part of his speech in Rocky Mount and later in Detroit, because it wasn't part of his typewritten speech in Washington. Historians say the singer Mahalia Jackson shouted "Tell them about the dream, Martin!" as he reached a slow point in his prepared text. King then improvised, and lit up the audience with phrases very similar to those he had delivered in that gymnasium.

Three people who were in the audience that day in 1962 listened again Tuesday as the recording was played at the university's James B. Hunt Library. Herbert Tillman, who was about 17 years old at the time, recalled how happy they were to see and hear such an inspiring leader.

"Everybody was attentive to what he had to say," Tillman said. "And the words that he brought to Rocky Mount were words of encouragement that we really needed in Rocky Mount at that time." Barber said this newly available recording of King's earlier speech — urging blacks to focus on voting rights and peacefully but forcefully push for change — is just as inspiring today.

"Make no mistake. This kind of oratory is dangerous," Barber said, "especially for those who want to go back, especially for those who want the status quo because this kind of oratory can loose the captive and set people free to stand up and fight for their own freedom."

Martha Waggoner can be reached at http://twitter.com/mjwaggonernc

Meningitis Epidemic Threat In West Africa, But Few Vaccines

Felix Nwabueze, who was a quality control officer In the late 1970s at a laboratory in Nigeria where millions of smallpox vaccines were made, walk past the abandoned building in Lagos, Nigeria. International health officials are scrambling, without much success, to find meningitis C vaccines as an outbreak of the child-killing disease threatens to balloon into an epidemic. (AP)

LAGOS, Nigeria (AP) — International health officials are scrambling, without much success, to find meningitis C vaccines as an outbreak of the child-killing disease threatens to balloon into an epidemic.

The first large-scale outbreak of the C strain in decades has this year killed 800 of 12,000 infected people in Nigeria and in neighboring Niger, according to the World Health Organization. In 2013 and 2014, deaths numbered 128 out of 2,046 people who fell ill, WHO said, indicating the infection rate has soared and could grow much higher in 2016.

"We've never seen this before with meningitis C," William A. Perea, coordinator of WHO's Control of Epidemic Diseases Unit, said of the resurgence of the strain. The bacterial infection mostly targets children, inflames the brain and spinal cord and kills half those infected if left untreated. Survivors can suffer brain damage, deafness, constant fatigue and neurological and emotional difficulties.

West Africa's biggest epidemic, in 1996, hit four countries, infected a quarter million people and killed 25,000. It was caused predominantly by meningitis A. Since 2010, the meningitis A conjugate vaccine — used across 15 sub-Saharan countries in the "meningitis belt" stretching from Senegal in the west to Ethiopia in the east — has reduced infection rates. But it does not protect against the equally deadly C strain.

WHO, and partners including Doctors Without Borders, say they want to build a 5 million-dose stockpile before next year's meningitis season, which runs from January to June during the dry hot months that force people indoors and enable transmission.

While the Indian-manufactured meningitis A vaccine costs around 60 cents, the conjugate vaccine for meningitis C used in the United States costs $30 to $100 a dose. Two doses for babies provide 10 years' protection.

A much cheaper polysaccharide vaccine, produced for travelers, likely will be used as a stop-gap in West Africa. But that vaccine doesn't work for children under 2 and lasts only around two years. At the start of the last meningitis season in January, only 200,000 meningitis C doses were available for the region, according to Myriam Henkens, international medical coordinator of Doctors Without Borders. By end of the season, in June, international agencies had sourced 1.6 million.

This month, WHO urged manufacturers to increase production. "The first round of discussions, (manufacturers) said no, we just can't produce any more," said Perea. Major manufacturer Sanofi Pasteur has halted production to upgrade facilities and cannot restart until year's end, according to one of the French-based company's vice presidents, Michael Watson. He said they are one of only four global vaccine producers.

"You can't just turn on the tap," said Watson. Nigerian health leaders have repeatedly asked the government to reopen a vaccine lab which once produced millions of vaccines for yellow fever, rabies and smallpox.

With a domestic market of 170 million people, "in Nigeria it makes a lot of sense," Watson said. "They have a population that justifies it." In the late 1970s, Nigeria's laboratory made millions of smallpox vaccines that helped eradicate the disease regionally, according to Felix Nwabueze, who was a quality control officer. The lab fell into disrepair under the neglect of corrupt government officials.

"It would be more cost-effective if vaccines were produced in country, and would create employment," said Godswill Okara, former head of the Association of Medical Laboratory Scientists. Abdulsalami Nasidi, who headed the lab in the 1980s and now is director of Nigeria's Center for Disease Control, fears the potential fatalities if a vaccine shortage and meningitis epidemic collide.

"But we are worried about the paucity not just of the meningitis C vaccine but other vaccines," he added. "Maybe this will teach us a lesson, to really address the local manufacturing issue."

Calls To Abolish Nukes On Nagasaki Bombing 70th Anniversary

Catholics offer prayers at an early morning mass to pay respect to the victims of the Nagasaki atomic bombing at the Urakami Cathedral in Nagasaki, southern Japan Sunday, Aug. 9, 2015. Ceremony for the 70th anniversary of the atomic bombing will start late this morning. The atomic bomb attack on this city that left more than 70,000 dead and hastened the end of World War II exactly 70 years ago. (AP)

NAGASAKI, Japan (AP) — The city of Nagasaki marked the 70th anniversary of the atomic bombing Sunday with calls to abolish nuclear weapons and halt the Japanese government's push to loosen restrictions on what its military can do.

With Prime Minister Shinzo Abe in the audience, a representative of Nagasaki bomb survivors told an annual ceremony that security legislation introduced by Abe's government goes against the wishes of the survivors and "will lead to war."

"We cannot accept this," 86-year-old Sumiteru Taniguchi said, after describing in graphic detail his traumatic injuries and how others died in the Aug. 9, 1945, attack on Nagasaki. Representatives from 75 countries, including U.S. Ambassador Caroline Kennedy, were among those gathered under a tall white canopy to shade them from the sun on a 31-degree-Celsius (88-degree Fahrenheit) morning at Nagasaki Peace Park.

As a bell tolled, they observed a minute of silence at 11:02 a.m., the time when the a U.S. B-29 plane dropped the atomic bomb, killing more than 70,000 people and helping to prompt Japan's World War II surrender. The first atomic bomb in Hiroshima three days earlier killed an estimated 140,000.

Abe's security bills, which he says are needed to increase Japan's deterrence capabilities in the face of growing threats in the region, have run into stiff public opposition. The legislation would ease constitutional limits that restrict the military to self-defense, allowing Japanese forces to defend allies in limited circumstances.

Nagasaki Mayor Tomihisa Taue, addressing the same ceremony, noted the "widespread unease" about the legislation, which has passed the lower house of parliament and is now before the upper house. "I urge the government of Japan to listen to these voices of unease and concern," Taue said.

A message from U.N. Secretary General Ban Ki-moon echoed calls by Taue and others to abolish nuclear weapons. "I wholeheartedly join you in sounding a global rallying cry: No more Nagasakis. No more Hiroshimas," Ban said in a message read by Kim Won-soo, the acting U.N. high representative for disarmament affairs.

Abe, in brief remarks, said that Japan, as the only country to experience nuclear attacks, would seek to play a leading role in realizing a world without such weapons.

Associated Press writer Ken Moritsugu in Tokyo contributed to this story.

4th Blogger Killed In Bangladesh By Suspected Militants

A Bangladeshi police officer, center, and other people carry the body of blogger Niloy Chowdhury, 40, who was hacked to death at his house in Dhaka, Bangladesh, Friday, Aug. 7, 2015. Assailants believed to be Islamist militants entered an apartment building posing as potential tenants and killed the secular blogger in Bangladesh's capital on Friday, in the fourth such deadly attack this year, police said. (AP)

DHAKA, Bangladesh (AP) — Suspected militants posing as tenants entered an apartment building and hacked to death a secular blogger in Bangladesh's capital in the fourth such deadly attack this year, police said.

Friends of Niloy Chottopadhay, 40, who also used an online name of Niloy Chowdhury, said he had received several threats recently, prompting him to remove all his photos from his blog. They said he was a secular blogger and had a Facebook account with the name "Niloy Neel" in which he criticized radical Islamists at home and abroad.

Asha Moni, the victim's wife, said at least four young people attacked her husband Friday. She filed a murder case against four unnamed persons, police official Zahidur Rahman said Saturday, but no arrests have been made so far.

Hours after the assault, Ansar-al-Islam, which intelligence officials believe is affiliated with al-Qaida on the Indian subcontinent, sent an email to media organizations claiming responsibility for the killing and calling the blogger an enemy of Allah. The authenticity of the email could not be independently confirmed.

The U.S. State Department condemned it as a "cowardly murder." "This heinous act once again underscores the need to work together to counter violent extremism. We stand with Bangladeshis who reject this vicious act and who work to protect space for freedom of expression," spokesman Mark Toner said

United Nations human rights officials called for Bangladeshi authorities to ensure accountability and prevent such violence. "The organized targeting of critical voices aims at promoting a culture of silence and fear," special rapporteur on freedom of expression, David Kaye, and extrajudicial executions, Christof Heyns, said in a statement in Geneva.

The killing is the fourth of a secular blogger since February, when a Bangladeshi-American man who was also critical of Islam, Avijit Roy, was hacked to death on the Dhaka University campus while walking with his wife.

Two others were attacked and killed in March and May, one in Dhaka and another in the northeastern city of Sylhet. Detectives say radical groups were behind the previous attacks and have made some arrests, but have failed to make any major headway into the killings.

The family and friends said Chowdhury had sought police protection after he was threatened but police asked him to leave the country for his safety. Moni said her husband went to at least two police stations for recording a complaint in May after he was followed by two men on streets, but his complaint was not registered.

Home Minister Asaduzzaman Khan Kamal denied the claim that Chowdhury went to police to seek security for him. Islam is Bangladesh's state religion, but the country is governed by secular laws based on British common law. Over the last decade or so, extreme interpretations of Islam have steadily gained ground.

Associated Press writer Matthew Pennington in Washington contributed to this report.

Nagasaki Atomic Bomb Left A Man Scarred For Life

Sumiteru Taniguchi, 86, a survivor of the 1945 atomic bombing of Nagasaki, shows his back with scars of burns from the atomic bomb explosion, during an interview at his office in Nagasaki, southern Japan. For 70 years, Taniguchi, chairman of the Nagasaki Atomic Bomb Survivors Council, has lived a web of wounds covering most of his back, and the remains of three ribs that half rotted away and permanently press against his lungs, making it hard to breathe. His wife still applies a moisturizing cream every morning to reduce the irritation from the scars. His wife still applies a moisturizing cream every morning to reduce the irritation from the scars. (AP Photo)

NAGASAKI, Japan (AP) — Struggling a bit with a left arm that has never straightened out, Sumiteru Taniguchi slowly peeled the undershirt off his frail 86-year-old body to show two visitors his scars from the atomic bomb attack on Nagasaki.

For 70 years, he has lived with them, a web of wounds covering most of his back, and the remains of three ribs that half rotted away and permanently press against his lungs, making it hard to breathe. His wife still applies a moisturizing cream every morning to reduce irritation from the scars. Not a day goes by without pain.

He was 16 and on the job as a letter carrier when the powerful blast threw him from his bicycle. He had been about 1.8 kilometers (1.1 miles) from the epicenter of the "Fat Man" plutonium bomb that detonated over Nagasaki on Aug. 9, 1945, killing more than 70,000 people. Six days later, Japan surrendered, ending World War II.

Speaking in a weak voice with some effort, he told the story last month of wandering for three days in a daze, unaware of the seriousness of his injuries. He felt something like a ragged cloth hanging from his back, shoulder and arm: It was his skin.

He would spend the next 21 months lying on his stomach, getting treatment for his burned back, decomposing flesh and exposed bones. Going in and out of consciousness, he could hear the nurses passing by in the hallway asking each other if the boy was still breathing. He thought: "Just kill me."

Because he lay immobile for so long, as one of his teenage arm bones grew, it blocked the joint at the elbow so he can't fully extend the arm. Taniguchi hopes no one else will have to suffer the pain of nuclear weapons. He heads a Nagasaki survivors group working against nuclear proliferation, though old age and pneumonia are making it harder for him to play an active role. After so many years, his words are tinged with frustration.

"I want this to be the end," he said, slipping his shirt back on.

Follow AP photographers and photo editors on Twitter: http://apne.ws/15Oo6jo

This story has been corrected to show that Taniguchi was injured in the atomic bomb attack on Nagasaki, not Hiroshima.

With Boston Heists Suspects Dead, FBI Focuses On Finding Art

The painting "Chez Tortoni," by Edouard Manet, one of more than a dozen works of art stolen in the early hours of March 18, 1990. On Thursday, Aug. 6, 2015, the U.S. Attorney's Office released a surveillance video showing an automobile outside the rear entrance and an unauthorized visitor entering the museum 24 hours before the robbery. (Courtesy of Isabella Stewart Gardner Museum via AP, File)

BOSTON (AP) — With the two men suspected of robbing a museum of $500 million worth of artwork in 1990 now dead, investigators say they are focused on one thing — finding the missing masterpieces.

Peter Kowenhoven, the FBI's assistant special agent in charge in Boston, says "all our investigative efforts are being guided toward the recovery" of the 13 works stolen from Boston's Isabella Stewart Gardner Museum, including paintings by Rembrandt, Vermeer and Degas.

"The focus of the investigation for many years was: Who did this heist? And we have through the great investigative work identified who did this heist, and both those individuals are deceased," Kowenhoven told The Associated Press. "So now the focus of the investigation is the recovery of the art."

He declined to identify the men. On Thursday, authorities released grainy surveillance video from the eve of the heist and appealed anew to the public for help in finding the artworks. The low-resolution video — captured by museum security cameras — shows a security guard appearing to hit an intercom button, then to grant access to a man who can be seen in the museum's reception area at about 12:49 a.m. on March 17, 1990, almost exactly 24 hours before the heist.

The man is also seen getting out of a car matching the general description of one reported to be parked outside the museum minutes before the theft. A $5 million reward has been offered by the museum for information that leads to the recovery of the stolen artwork in good condition.

"Every lead, every tip, everything that comes in we're tracking down, no matter where it is in the area, in the country or overseas," Kowenhoven said. "These are cultural masterpieces that we are trying to recover."

Authorities have said that on March 18, 1990, two men dressed in Boston police uniforms gained entrance to the museum by telling the security guard at the watch desk that they were responding to a report of a disturbance.

Against museum policy, the guard allowed the men into the museum. The thieves handcuffed the museum's two guards on duty and put them in separate areas of the museum's basement. In 2013, authorities said the robbers belonged to a criminal organization based in New England and the mid-Atlantic states and took the art to Connecticut and the Philadelphia region in the years after the theft. They were offered for sale in Philadelphia about a decade ago and have not been seen since, the FBI said at the time.

Online: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qSw1BsJEBB4

NIGERIA: Review Of Soldiers Condemned In Boko Haram War

Soldiers accused of refusing to fight in the country's northeastern Islamic uprising appear before a court martial in Abuja, Nigeria. Nigeria's army is reviewing the court-martials of more than 600 soldiers and officers, including dozens condemned to death for allegedly deserting the battle against Islamic extremists, according to an order received by The Associated Press on Sunday, Aug. 2, 2015. (AP)

LAGOS, NIGERIA (AP) — Nigeria's army is reviewing the courts-martial of more than 600 soldiers and officers, including dozens condemned to death for allegedly deserting the battle against Islamic extremists, according to an order received by The Associated Press on Sunday.

The review comes three months after the inauguration of President Muhammadu Buhari, who has vowed to crush the Boko Haram Islamic uprising which has spilled across Nigeria's borders. An order signed by army administrator Maj. Gen. A. B. Abubakar and dated July 31 requires all accused and condemned soldiers to appear in northern Kaduna city before a committee sitting Aug. 7 to Aug. 24 "to screen and assess all disciplinary cases arising from erstwhile Op Zaman Lafiya" against Boko Haram.

Seventy-two soldiers were condemned to death by three courts-martial last year for alleged cowardice, mutiny, aiding the enemy and other charges. Another 579 are before ongoing courts-martial. Human rights lawyer Femi Falana has called the trials "a travesty" held in secret because the soldiers' evidence is a condemnation of Nigeria's military establishment — indicating corrupt officers often divert money meant for salaries and arms.

Soldiers have described being sent into battle with no rations and just 30 bullets each, and fleeing when their ammunition runs out. Falana said the army was making scapegoats of inexperienced soldiers — his clients were aged between 21 and 25.

Buhari also has said that "our military was not sufficiently supported or equipped." Air Chief Marshal Alex Badeh, the defense chief fired when Buhari got rid of the top echelon of Nigeria's military last month, complained last week that "fifth columnists" in the military have leaked operational plans to Boko Haram.

Amnesty International has accused Nigeria's military of the deaths in custody of 800 detainees.

Associated Press writer Bashir Adigun contributed to this report from Abuja, Nigeria.

Drivers Weigh In On Uber Boom In NYC

Uber drivers and their supporters protest in front of the offices of the Taxi and Limousine Commission in New York. In four years Uber has gone from nearly non-existent to more than 26,000 drivers, joining over 13,000 New York City taxis. (AP)

NEW YORK (AP) — On a muggy summer evening, a woman stood on a midtown Manhattan street corner and switched between raising her hand for a taxi and glancing at her phone, possibly for an Uber car.

"She's going to take whoever comes first," yellow cab driver Jatinder Singh speculated as he scouted out the scene. While New York City riders have increasingly more choices in how to get from here to there with the rise of e-hailing apps — and lawmakers grapple with how to regulate the booming industry — the drivers who keep cars moving are stuck in the middle.

Uber, a service that allows riders to choose a car type and pay by credit card from a mobile phone, has in four years gone from nearly non-existent to more than 26,000 drivers, joining the city's 13,437 taxis.

Some traditional yellow cab drivers say that since the arrival of Uber, the increased competition has cost them about 30 percent of their earnings. Uber drivers also have complained the crowded streets are hurting their bottom line, a notion disputed by the company, which is moving forward with a goal of adding 10,000 drivers by the end of the year. The plan alarmed New York City lawmakers who later backed off a plan to cap the number of cars on the street in exchange for ridership data to study the issue.

Here's a look at how the battle for New York City's streets is playing out, through the eyes of those behind the wheel: UBER RISING "In three years, there will be no taxis on New York City streets," Uber driver Michael Keflom predicted as he prowled the streets for passengers in his Mercedes SUV.

The 48-year-old driver moved from Eritrea, in Africa, to New York City in the late eighties, and during college started driving a yellow cab — a job he kept on and off for 26 years during a career as a commercial pilot.

He says that if Uber had existed back in the mid-90s, he would never have stepped foot in a cockpit. Keflom said he's made it his mission to convince his taxi-driving friends to join him at Uber for the flexibility — drivers own their cars and can work when they want.

Liang Wang has been driving for Uber for about a year and this is his first driving job. He chose the company because he believed the yellow cab shift schedule was just too rigid. "The yellow cab schedule, you have to wake up at midnight or finish really late. And I have a daughter," said Wang, who drives five to six days a week around his family schedule.

SUFFER THE TAXI DRIVER Noureddine Benbedda, who owns his own yellow cab, said he used to take home $700 a week after paying a garage and the lease on the city medallion that allows him to drive. Now he's lucky if he brings home $500. He used to have another driver take the night shift who has since quit, leaving Benbedda to drive longer hours to make up for it.

"My family is suffering now," he said. Mohammad Sultan echoes Benbedda. After 27 years as a taxi driver, the 59-year-old says his earnings have dropped by $200 a week. Even though he's lost 30 percent of his business since Uber arrived on the streets, he remains positive.

"It's good that there's no more taxi monopoly," Sultan said. "Now we have another opportunity." IN BOTH DRIVER SEATS Driver Jatinder Singh has seen both sides: he drove with Uber and returned to driving a taxi.

"The drivers who are suffering they want to come back to a cab, but they can't, because they bought a brand-new car," he said. "My friend bought a Hyundai Sonata hybrid and they're stuck for good, for five years until the car is paid off."

He owned a yellow cab, which he decided to paint black so he could start driving with Uber. That lasted about six months before he sold the car and returned to taxi driving. Singh hoped the surge pricing at Uber — it costs more to get a lift when demand outpaces supply— would make up for the lack of tips, but the money never came.

"They had so many drivers, too many drivers." Bhairavi Desai, executive director of the New York Taxi Workers Alliance says the problem lies in Uber's model, which she claims was never created to serve full-time drivers.

"For them it's a gig economy. If you're a full-timer, you can't compete with the flood of vehicles," she said. "I don't want to mince words here, for generations it has been a full-time job."

Mexico News Photographer Found Slain In Capital

Photojournalists place their cameras on the ground during a demonstration in Mexico City condemning the alleged murder of fellow journalist Regina Martinez, a correspondent for the Mexican investigative magazine Proceso. Ruben Espinosa, a photographer who worked for Proceso and other media, was among five people found slain early Saturday, Aug. 1, 2015, in an apartment in Mexico City, according to the magazine. He had recently gone into self-exile from the Gulf coast state of Veracruz, where he felt under threat, the magazine added. According to the Committee to Protect Journalists, 11 journalists have been killed in Veracuz since 2010, the most recent just a month ago. Two others, including Espinosa, were Veracruz journalists found dead outside of the state.

MEXICO CITY (AP) — A photographer for the Mexican investigative magazine Proceso, who had fled his home state after being harassed, was among five people found slain early Saturday in an apartment in Mexico City, according to the magazine.

The body of Ruben Espinosa, who collaborated with Proceso and other media, was identified by a family member at the morgue Saturday afternoon, Proceso reported, adding that he had two gunshot wounds. Espinosa had recently gone into self-exile from the Gulf coast state of Veracruz, where he felt under threat, according to Proceso. His family had lost contact with him on Friday and by Saturday the free speech advocacy group Article 19 had called on Mexican authorities to activate the protocols for locating a missing journalist.

He was found dead with four women, three of whom lived in the apartment in the middle-class Narvarte neighborhood near the center of the city, according to the Mexico City prosecutor's office. The fourth woman was a domestic employee, the prosecutor's statement said. It said identifications and cause of death were still being verified.

Veracruz has been a dangerous state for reporters. According to the Committee to Protect Journalists, 11 journalists have been killed there since 2010, all under Gov. Javier Duarte, the most recent just a month ago. Two others, including Espinosa, were Veracruz journalists found dead outside of the state.

Article 19 on Saturday called the killing of Espinosa a new level of violence against journalists in Mexico, as he was first to be killed while in exile in Mexico City. Many reporters under threat in their home states have taken refuge in the capital, where the federal government has set up an agency to help such journalists.

The advocacy group said in an article that the killing occurred "without authorities charged with protecting journalists lifting a finger to help Espinosa." Article 19 said it published an alert about Espinosa June 15 after he reported unknown people following him, taking his photograph and harassing him outside his home in Xalapa, the capital of Veracruz.

Original Sound Of Japan Emperor's War-End Speech Released

People kneel and listen to the radio in Tokyo, as Emperor Hirohito announced on radio that Japan was defeated in the World War II. The original recording of Japan's Emperor Hirohito's war-ending speech has come back to life in digital form. The original sound was released Saturday, Aug. 1, 2015 by the Imperial Household Agency in digital format, ahead of the 70th anniversary of the speech and the war's end. (Kyodo News via AP)

TOKYO, JAPAN (AP) — The 4 ½-minute speech that has reverberated throughout Japan's modern history since it was delivered by Emperor Hirohito at the end of World War II has come back to life in digital form.

Hirohito's "jewel voice" — muffled and nearly inaudible due to poor sound quality — was broadcast on Aug. 15, 1945, announcing Japan's surrender. On Saturday, the Imperial Household Agency released the digital version of the original sound ahead of the 70th anniversary of the speech and the war's end. In it, the emperor's voice appears clearer, slightly higher and more intense, but, Japanese today would still have trouble understanding the arcane language used by Hirohito.

"The language was extremely difficult," said Tomie Kondo, 92, who listened to the 1945 broadcast in a monitoring room at public broadcaster NHK, where she worked as a newscaster. "It's well written if you read it, but I'm afraid not many people understood what he said."

"Poor reception and sound quality of the radio made it even worse," she said. "I heard some people even thought they were supposed to fight even more. I think the speech would be incomprehensible to young people today."

Every Japanese knows a part of the speech where Hirohito refers to his resolve for peace by "enduring the unendurable and suffering what is insufferable," a phrase repeatedly used in news and dramas about the war.

When people heard that part 70 years ago, they understood the situation, Kondo says. But the rest is little known, largely because the text Hirohito read was deliberately written in arcane language making him sound authoritative and convincing as he sought people's understanding about Japan's surrender.

Amid growing concern among many Japanese over nationalist Prime Minister Shinzo Abe's push to expand Japan's military role, the current Emperor Akihito is increasingly seen as liberal and pacifist, and the effort by his father, Hirohito, to end the war has captured national attention.

Speaking in unique intonation that drops at the end of sentences, Hirohito opens his 1945 address with Japan's decision to accept the condition of surrender. He also expresses "the deepest sense of regret" to Asian countries that cooperated with Japan to gain "emancipation" from Western colonization.

Japan itself colonized the Korean Peninsula and occupied parts of China, often brutally, before and during World War II. Hirohito also laments devastation caused by "a new and most cruel bomb" dropped in Hiroshima and Nagasaki, and asks everyone to stay calm while helping to reconstruct the country.

Its significance is that Hirohito, who at the time was considered a living deity, made the address, said Takahisa Furukawa, a historian at Nihon University in Tokyo. "What's most important is the emperor reached out to the people to tell them that they had to surrender and end the war," he said. "The speech is a reminder of what it took to end the wrong war."

On the eve of the announcement, Hirohito met with top government officials to approve Japan's surrender inside a bunker dug at the palace compound. Amid fear of violent protest by army officials refusing to end the war, the recording of Hirohito's announcement was made secretly. NHK technicians were quietly called in for the recording. At almost midnight, Hirohito appeared in his formal military uniform, and read the statement into the microphone, twice.

A group of young army officers stormed into the palace in a failed attempt to steal the records and block the surrender speech, but palace officials desperately protected the records, which were safely delivered to NHK for radio transmission the next day.

The drama of the last two days of the war leading to Hirohito's radio address was made into a film, "Japan's Longest Day," in 1967, and its remake will hit Japanese theaters on Aug. 8.

Follow Mari Yamaguchi at twitter.com/mariyamaguchi

Q & A On Possible Extradition Of Dentist Who Killed Lion

In this image takem from a November 2012 video made available by Paula French, a well-known, protected lion known as Cecil strolls around in Hwange National Park, in Hwange, Zimbabwe. Zimbabwe's wildlife minister says extradition is being sought for Walter Palmer, the American dentist who killed a Cecil. (Paula French via AP)

MINNEAPOLIS (AP) — Zimbabwe has called for an American dentist who killed a lion that was lured out of a national park and caused international outrage to be extradited and face as-yet filed charges. But it isn't clear whether Walter James Palmer, a 55-year-old from Minnesota, can be extradited or, if so, can fight having to go back to the African nation. Palmer has said he relied on his guides to ensure the hunt was legal.

Here's some details about the process and what could happen: WHAT'S BEEN SAID? A Cabinet member in Zimbabwe said Friday that the government has asked "the responsible authorities" to extradite Palmer so he can be "made accountable" in Cecil the lion's death. The U.S. Embassy in Zimbabwe said Friday that it does not comment on extradition matters and the Zimbabwe Embassy in Washington said it had yet to receive instructions.

While a professional hunter and a farm owner have been arrested in the killing, Palmer has not been charged. That would be the key to set an extradition in motion — maybe. WHAT ARE THE NEXT STEPS? Any request for Palmer to return to Zimbabwe would go through the U.S. State Department, which would forward it to the Justice Department, or be sent directly to the Justice Department, according to Jens David Ohlin, who teaches international and criminal law at Cornell University in New York state.

After that, federal officials would have to decide whether it falls under the extradition treaty with Zimbabwe, which took effect in 2000. "They have to determine whether or not the allegation constitutes a crime in Zimbabwe and also a crime in the United States," Ohlin said

What the U.S. can't do is determine Palmer's guilt or innocence, said Stephen I. Vladeck, a law professor specializing in international affairs at American University in Washington, D.C. Ohlin believes it would fall under the treaty. And that's where it gets complicated.

WHAT COULD PREVENT AN EXTRADITION? The U.S. hasn't sent anyone to Zimbabwe since the treaty took effect and vice versa, according to a State Department official who was not authorized to address the issue by name and spoke on condition of anonymity.

Extraditions "inevitably come down to political and diplomatic considerations far more than they do legal ones," Vladeck said. There's political tension between the two countries. The southern African country has blamed its economic woes on U.S. sanctions against President Robert Mugabe and close associates, though many commentators have attributed Zimbabwe's economic decline to mismanagement. Washington imposed the penalties on Zimbabwe because of human rights concerns. More broadly, Mugabe has long railed against what he calls Western meddling in Africa, saying it is an extension of the colonial rule of the past.

Ohlin said the U.S. could analyze the justice system in Zimbabwe to determine whether it's fair and whether the prisons there are up to human rights standards. The Associated Press has reported that prisoners in Zimbabwe rioted earlier this year because they hadn't been served meat in three years, and that the food woes were evidence of a debilitating economic downturn that has left the government struggling to meet obligations.

If prison conditions are "unduly harsh," the U.S. could deny extradition, Ohlin said. Plus, Vladeck noted about any extradition, "There might be concerns about the precedent it sets for U.S. tourists overseas."

IF THE U.S. ALLOWS EXTRADITION, WHAT CAN THE DENTIST DO? Palmer could waive extradition or his attorney could contest it, arguing that extradition does not fall under the treaty, Ohlin said. At that point, the defense could ask the judge to resolve the issue, which could take months, Ohlin said.

"If he contests extradition," Ohlin said, "I would think he would probably lose his case, but there are a lot of creative arguments his lawyers could make." While Palmer's case is high profile, Vladeck said, "the actual legal questions are actually routine and mundane."

Associated Press writers Steven R. Hurst and Matthew Lee in Washington and Farai Mutsaka in Harare, Zimbabwe, contributed to this report.